Forexamg

Forexamg
Forexamg está usando 4 serviços que detectamos em seu site. Os principais são o Hostwinds LLC. para hospedar o site, forex para gerenciamento de DNS, Go Daddy como registrador e forex para serviços de e-mail. O site estava desconectado quando este relatório foi compilado em 31 de janeiro de 2018 às 06:01. O forex está hospedado nos Estados Unidos.
Depois de verificar os registros do site, descobrimos que tem 9 meses e 9 dias e expira em 08 de maio de 2019. Para obter mais detalhes de registro, consulte esta seção. O site usa um Certificado SSL emitido pelo Comodo Group para proteger a privacidade de seus usuários. O site tem um título, mas a meta-descrição está ausente, será melhor para SEO se ambos estiverem presentes. Homepage está em inglês.
Serviços utilizados pelo forex.
Metadados de registro.
Texto de informação de registro completo.
ServiceHostNet.
A melhor plataforma de análise de serviços da web na Internet.

Armageddon - poderoso software de negociação Forex.
As plataformas de negociação automatizadas permitem ao comerciante espelhar ou copiar os comerciantes de outros rastreadores. Um comerciante é capaz de copiar sinais ou espelhar estratégias completas de outros rótulos, aproveitando assim a experiência e o conhecimento dos comerciantes bem-sucedidos. Os estágios distintivos de troca de automóveis concedidos pelo Armagedon conferem aos comerciantes a certeza de participar da troca e também a alternativa de troca quando não há tempo acessível, informações ou experiência adequadas.
ARMAGEDDON é um software automatizado de negociação forex desenvolvido pelo Master Forex Trader Ref Wayne.
Armageddon é um aparelho de troca propulsor, fácil de utilizar e equilibrado por cada cliente. O Armageddon irá com você desde o seu primeiro dia como pisador e permitirá que você troque naturalmente de acordo com seu próprio estilo de troca particular:
= & gt; Personalizado para as preferências de cada comerciante.
Estão disponíveis múltiplas estratégias disponíveis.
= & gt; Tolerância ao Risco e Ferramentas de Gerenciamento.
= & gt; Interface dinâmica e amigável ao usuário.
= & gt; Acessibilidade global de PC, Web & amp; Móvel.
Utilize um aparelho de troca robotizado principal, permitindo o acesso a metodologias de ponta para todos os corretores.
O dia a dia atua especificamente para o estágio de troca, para salvaguardar as metodologias, coordenar o status atual do mercado.
O aparelho visava capacitar os corretores de todos os níveis para lucrar com suas administrações ao trocar.
Dispositivo alterado à luz das configurações de cada cliente, garantindo que ele veja e use apenas o que é importante para ele.
Ao trocar ou afastar, o Armageddon está sempre funcionando de modo a estar presente e significativo para o corretor.
O Armageddon trabalha no mais notável dos níveis para transmitir aos seus clientes um intercâmbio restritivo de conhecimento.
Basta visitar forexamg / para baixar o software de peregrinação de classe mundial e se aliviar do estresse para assistir o mercado todos os tempos e executar todas as tarefas manualmente agora, tudo isso é feito automaticamente neste software.
Após a compra, você obtém o link de download e os manuais sobre como configurar todos os parâmetros e outros detalhes. Tutoriais completos da instalação sejam mestres dele.
Ao bater palmas mais ou menos, você pode nos indicar quais são as histórias que realmente se destacam.

Parâmetros que afetam o consumo de energia para produzir Ferromanganês de alto carbono em forno de arco fechado e submerso.
Categoria: Documentos.
Biografia: AzzaAhmed, PostGdoctor, AssociateProfessor; EGmail: azzaazza40 @ yahoo􀆰com; Data recebida: janeiro de 9,2013 CorrespondingAuthor: MamdouhEissa, PostGdoctor, Professor; EGmail: mamdouh_eissa @ yahoo􀆰com 􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇 􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇 JOURNALOFIRONANDSTEELRESEARCH, INTERNATIONAL􀆰2014,21 (7): 666G672 􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉 􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉 􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉 ParametersAffectingEnergyConsumptionforProducingHigh CarbonFerromanganeseinaClosedSubmergedArcFurnace AzzaAhmed, Hossam Halfa, MohamedK. ElGFawakhry, HodaElGFaramawy, MamdouhEissa (SteelTechnology, MetallurgicalResearchandDevelopmentInstitute, Helwan11421, Cairo, Egito) Resumo: O Consumo de energia é considerado como themostimportantfactoraffectingtheproductioncostofferG romanganesealloy. Differentparametersaffectingtheenergyconsumptionforindustrialproductionofhighcarbon ferromanganeseHCFeMnwereinvestigatedinaclosedsubmergedarcfurnace. TheanalysisofindustrialdatareG vealedthatthemostenergyGconsumedfactorswerethedirectreductionbysolidcarbon, Boudouardreaction, andslagformation de metal, anddecompositionoffluxingmaterials (limestoneanddolomite).ToreducetheenergyconG sumptionandminimizetheenergylossesintheproductionprocessofHCFeMn, itwasrecommendedtouseMn blendwithminimum MntoFeratioof6andlowerSiO2contentorhigherbasicity. Theaddedcokemustbeadjusted accordingtothematerialbalancetopreventtheoverGcokeandtominimizethehighlyendothermic “BoudouardreacG ção”.Inaddition, itwasrecommendedtoworkatbasicslagswiththeratioof (CaO + MgO) toSiO2equalto1􀆰0- 1􀆰2insteadofmuchhigherslagbasicity. Furthermore, themasslosseshadtobeminimizedthroughadjustingthe processando e processando de todos os produtos produzidos. Palavras-chave: produção de alto carbonoferromanganês, consumo de energia, composição carbonatada, reação de Boudouard, slagbasicity, energyloss Manganeseis com base na economia industrial. A indústria industrial consume 90% -95% de todo o ganão humano na forma das mangueiras de manganês de ferromanganeseandangico, que são utilizadas como desoxidantes e desulfurantes do moltensteel [1-3]. Eles distribuíram diversas propriedades de aço em muitas grades de aço. As eletroeletrônicas são muito flexíveis, uma vez que podem ser utilizadas para produzir uma maior quantidade de carbono nos manganês e a economia de manganês e a economia nas pequenas unidades de produção. As maiores descobertas são possíveis de uma forma mais baixa e uma tomada de decisão é muito diferente das superfícies de chamas [1,4-6]. No entanto, theapplicationofelectricfurnaceisburG denedbytheescalatingcostofelectricpower [7-10].A fourkeycostfactorsforhighcarbonferromanganese productionaremainlyore, electricidade, reductantand labor. Themostimportanttwofactorsareoreand electricidade, whichrepresentmorethan50% oftotal plantoperatingcosts. Therefore, highcarbonferroG manganeseproductioninelectricarcfurnacesisconG sideredasanenergyGintensiveindustry, andthusthe priceofenergyaffectsconsiderablytheproduction costofferromanganesealloyandconsequentlythe priceoftheproducedferromanganese. A crescente crise na comercialização de energia elétrica para as centrais mundiais para se concentrarem em todos os esforços para impedir o consumo de energia. Produção de carbono reduzindo a produção de gansos. A indústria gráfica e o consumo de energia elétrica. Fator de análise de energia no processo de produção; é necessário auxiliar o desenvolvimento de uma rede de produção de energia elétrica. Em outro estudo, diferentes parâmetros afetam o consumo de energia para a produção industrial de alta densidade de carbono. O HCFEservou-se em uma habitação de vegetais misturadas, e como se questionou o consumo de energia e minimizou as perdas de energia. O processo foi analisado. 1 Produção Industrial de HCFeMn HCFeProduzido de forma isolada em EgyptatSinai ManganeseCompany, SMC, usando uma21MVAelecG tricarcfurnaceasaclosedtopunit. HCFeMnisproG ducedby carbothermicreductionofablendomanganeseoresfunhantes e modificadosintrinados. CuzisusedasareG ductantandbothdolomiteandlimestoneareusedas fluxingmaterials. O consumo médio de energia elétrica para produzir1tferromangansese é de 3.000kWh, o que mais pode representar uma figura de 2036 a 2600kWh. A descrição de diferentes parâmetros da atuação gráfica na produção de produtos industriais e corporativos foi realizada por um período de tempo alternativo. Usou-se no grupo de informações coletadas, o engenho de consumo de HCFe foi calculado e correlacionado com os diferentes parâmetros do processo de produção. 2 ResultsandDiscussion 2􀆰1 Effectofinputmaterialsonenergyconsumption 2􀆰1􀆰1 EffectofMnores Fig􀆰1illustratestheeffectofmasspercentof Mnsinterinthecharged Mnblendonthepower consumptionandtotalMnblendmass. AsMnsinter percentinMnblendincreases, thepowerconsumpG tiondecreasesasshowninFig􀆰1 (a).Thiscouldbe attributedtothedecreaseofthemassofMnblend accompaniedwiththeincreaseofMnsinter (com higherMntoFeratio) percentinMnblend (Fig􀆰1 (b)). UsingMnoreswithalowerMntoFeratio necessitatescharginghigheramountofMnsinterto obtainahigherMntoFeratio . Fig􀆰1 MnsintermasspercentinMnblendversus powerconsumption (a) andMnblendmass (b) forproducing1tFeMn 2􀆰1􀆰2 Effectofflux Fig􀆰2revealstheeffectofflux (limestoneand dolomita) fluxmassincreases massonthepowerconsumption. Asthe, thepowerconsumptionforproG Fig􀆰2 Powerconsumptionvariationwithfluxmass, coque consumptionandslagmassforproducing1tFeMn ducing1tHCFeMnincreases. Thedecompositionof bothcalciumandmagnesiumcarbonatesisendotherG micreactionwhichrequireadditionalenergy. InadG dição, CaOandMgOwillallenterintoslag, afectam a quantidade, a composição e as características de fusão de escórias. A adição exagerada deste tipo de ângios é o ponto de vista e a visibilidade da luz, afeta o processo de difusão e a diminuição do consumo de energia. 2􀆰1􀆰3 Effectofcoke Fig􀆰2showstheeffectofcokemassonthepower consumption. Asthecokemassincreases, thepower consumptionpertonHCFeMnincreases. Thehigher cokeconsumptionisaccompanied withthehigher MnGblendconsumption. Inaddition, thehighercoke consumptionresultsinhighercokeash. Cokeash containsSiO2, Al2O3andsmalleramountsofCaO andMgO. Theseoxidesentertheslagandrequire additionalenergyfor melting. Foranovercooked chargemixture, thegasratiodecreases (lessCO2), indicatingthatthecokeisnotproperlyutilized. The excesscarbonreactswithCO2toform CO ( BoudG ouardreaction). Esta afirmação é muito avançada, resultando em um maior consumo de energia. Isso será discutido com mais detalhes. 2􀆰2 Effectofoutputmaterialsonenergyconsumption 2􀆰2􀆰1 Effectofslag Theeffectofslagmassont aconstrução da força de trabalhoGeração naFig􀆰2.AstheslagmassforproG ducingHCFeMnincreases, o consumo de energia aumenta. Os dados foram correlacionados com massa de Mnblend (Fig. 3), fluxmass (Fig. 4 (a)) e estrutura celular (Fig. 4 (b)). Pode ser o mesmo. Diminui os limites da mescla e da discussão. As pessoas que viajam pela grandeza podem ser atribuídas ao aumento da indulgência. 766Issue7 ParametersAffectingEnergyConsumptionforProducingHighCarbonFerromanganese Fig􀆰3 Mnblendmassversusslagmassforproducing1tFeMn Fig􀆰4 Fluxmassversusslagmassperton FeMn (a) andslagbasicity (b) 2􀆰2􀆰2 EffectofoffGgases TheoffGgaseshaveaneffectonthepowerconG sumptionasshowninFig􀆰5.AstheoffGgasesmass pertonHCFeMnincreases, thepowerconsumption increases. TheratioofCO2to (CO + CO2) inthe offGgasesseemstoaffectthepowerconsumptionas bem, asshowninFig􀆰6.ThehigherratioofCO2to Fig􀆰 5 OffGgasesmassversuspowerconsumptionpertonFeMn Fig􀆰6 Razão de CO2to (CO + CO2) inoffGgases versus consumo de energia pertonFeMn (CO + CO2) na parte externa do gás. Os dados maiores do pré-geração e a reatividade do CO2 pelo CO2, o que diminui a necessidade de interferência térmica (C + CO2 → 2CO) e o consumo de energia elétrica. 2􀆰3 Effectofmassssobre o consumo de energia As economias de liquidação de material exibiram as perdas de massa de média de 5% a 5% da massa de compressão. As perdas de compensação, além de um efeito significativo no consumo de potência, foram calculadas em Fig􀆰7. Fig. 7 Massas variáveis ​​de percentagem de massa compensada versus consumo de energia por minutoFeMn 2􀆰4 Calor térmico e avaliação 2􀆰4􀆰1 Considerações teóricas O processo preliminar de implantação na produção de alta circulação de oxigênio na região resultante da fusão de carbono: secagem, calcinação, redução indireta, reação de Boudouard, redução direta, formação de manganesecarbideandslagformaG ção [10-15]. (1) Seção de secagem A temperatura de gás é uma temperatura diferente da temperatura entre 500 e 500 ºC. Por exemplo, a evaporação da água na mistura de enchimento será: H2O (l) + H2O (g) ΔH298 = 44􀆰0kJ (1) (2) Calcination Carbonatesareaddedasflux in thecharge. DeG compositionofMgCO3andCaCO3 willoccuratabout 300and900 ℃, respectivamente. Thedolomite, CaMg (CO3) 2, decomposesintwostepsfirstlyataround500 ℃ whereMgCO3isdecomposedtoMgOandCO2while CaCO3isdecomposedinthenextstep (900 ℃) para CaOandCO2 MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 ΔH298 = 101􀆰1kJ (2) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 ΔH298 = 178􀆰3kJ (3) (3) manganeseores Indirectreduction Highermanganeseoxidesthatpredominatein (MnO2, Mn2O3 e Mn3O4 ) são 866 JournalofIronandSteelResearch, International Vol􀆰21 relativamente baixas e também produzem um sólido solidificado em presença de gás com gás: MnO2 + 1 2CO 1 2Mn2O3 + 1 2CO2 ΔH298 = -99􀆰9kJ (4) 1 2Mn2O3 + 1 6CO → 1 3Mn3O4 + 1 6CO2 ΔH298 = -31􀆰3kJ (5) 1 3Mn3O4 + 1 3CO → MnO + 1 3CO2 ΔH298 = -16􀆰9kJ (6) As reacções de outras espécies com uma quantidade considerável de aquecimento , evitando assim o carregamento de materiais na alimentação. Ironisalwayspresentinmanganeseores, e thereductionofironoxidesrunparalleltoreduction ofthehighermanganeseoxides. Completereduction inthesolidstateispossible: 1 2Fe2O3 + 3 2CO → Fe + 3 2CO2 ΔH298 = -12􀆰9kJ (7) No entanto, themostpossiblereactionistheinG directreductionofhigherironoxides (Fe2O3) inthe solidstatebyCOtoFeO: Fe2O3 + CO + CO2 → 2FeO ΔH298 = -124􀆰3kJ (8) (4 ) Boudouardreaction Whenthetemperaturehasreached800-1000 ℃, thereactionatthesurfaceofthecokeissufficiently rapidtomaketheorereductionandthe “reacção de Boudouard” runsimultaneously. Asaresult, theCO2 gasformedbyreductionoforemayinturnreact withcarbontogivethereaction: C + CO2 → 2CO ΔH298 = 172􀆰5kJ (9) O “Boudouardreaction” isstronglyendotherG mic. Therelativeextentofthegasreductionand BoudouardreactionisreflectedbytheratioofCO2 a () inthefurnaceoffGgas CO + CO2. (5) Retirada direta Embora ele possa ser cortado no estado sólido por gás com gás, deve ser reduzido com carbono sólido: FeO + C → Fe + CO ΔH298 = 154􀆰3kJ (10) Não é eliminada a suspensão de óxidos de óxido, além de redução de gases de MnOtomanganes não é possível. MnOsfarmorestable doFeO. Considera-se que a fusão de outras misturas de óxido de nitrogênio1250 ℃ e a redução final de MnOtoMnmetal devem ter lugar com carbono sólido com cofragem: MnO (l) + C → Mn (l) + CO ΔH298 = 274􀆰6kJ (11) ThereductionofsilicaandP2O5takesplace também com carbono sólido: SiO2 (l) + 2C → Si (l) + 2CO ΔH298 = 754􀆰9kJ (12) P2O5 (l) + 5C → 2P (l) + 5CO ΔH298 = 960􀆰7kJ (13) As reações de redução direta de carbono sólido são muito anti-micro e variam em relação à energia elétrica. (6) Formação do equilíbrio do carbono Somecarbondissolveinmetaluptocarbonatação saturada: 3Mn (l) + C → Mn3C ΔH298 = -36􀆰4kJ (14) (7) Slagformation Slagisformedby theoxidesofilium, calciG um, magnésio, alumínio, manganês e ferro, o qual foi feito em um processo de fusão. Siliconalmostentirelyentersslag. OnlyasmallporG tionofsiliconisreducedfromslagandappearsin themetal. About70% -80% ofmanganeseisreG ducedandpassestothemetal, whiletheunreduced oxidesremainintheslag. Almostalloftheironis reducedandentersthemetal, sotheslaghaslittle ferrousoxide. TheoxidesofSi, Ca, MgandAl, whichmakeupthebulkoftheslag, meltingpoints. However haveveryhigh, tainproportions iftheyaremixedincerG, a mistura pode meltatlower temperatures. ThisiswhatactuallyoccursinsmelG tingprocessasthechargedescendstothelowerpart ofthefurnace; suchmixturesfusetogetherandthen melttoproduceslag. 2􀆰4􀆰2 Caldeira de equilíbrio térmico O consumo de energia elétrica é determinado por meio das reações neotéficas e exotérmicas no processo, de acordo com o uso de células antitransportantes, em vez da energia. As soluções térmicas de equilíbrio térmico basearam-se na revisão de informações técnicas para o processo de produção de HCFeMnatSMC. AnexampleofthembalanceialaterialtheheproG ductionof1tHCFeMnatSMCdurante os períodos de recolhadataisgiveninTable1. O equilíbrio de energia correspondente, baseado na mistura de materiais de alimentação e produtos (dado na balança de material), é ilustrado na Tabela 2. Foi assinalado que tais materiais se aproximariam da temperatura de 25 ℃ e armazenaram a superfície de combustível em 1500 ℃. A eliminação da temperatura foi assumida como 200 ℃. 966Issue7 ParâmetrosAssimitaçãoEnergiaConsumo paraProduçãoHighCarbonFerromanganese Tabela1 Materialbalanceforprodução1tHCFeMnalloy Matérias-primas Massa / kg MnO2 MnO Fe Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Na2O BaO P2O5 C CO2 CO H2O Mnore1 976 458􀆰4 206 118􀆰6 83􀆰3 24􀆰4 26􀆰4 13􀆰7 3􀆰416 27􀆰 13 2􀆰235 7􀆰12 Mnore2 392 166􀆰7 78􀆰8 68􀆰99 43􀆰1 9􀆰016 8􀆰04 3􀆰53 1􀆰254 5􀆰88 0􀆰763 2􀆰55 Mnsinter 653 130􀆰6 382 42􀆰 9 50􀆰4 25􀆰47 1􀆰96 1􀆰18 2􀆰612 2􀆰612 1􀆰137 4􀆰83 Dolomite 245 2􀆰132 11􀆰9 3􀆰185 72 46􀆰8 107 1􀆰27 Calcário 140 0􀆰742 5 􀆰74 1􀆰022 72􀆰 0􀆰98 58 0􀆰56 Coca-Cola 458􀆰3 0􀆰34 7􀆰975 23􀆰9 17􀆰01 1􀆰55 0􀆰13 0􀆰033 394 4􀆰58 Eletrodos 16􀆰9 16􀆰9 Elecção 0􀆰708 0 􀆰708 Sum 2882 755􀆰7 667 0􀆰71 241􀆰3 218 80􀆰1 182 66􀆰3 7􀆰28 35􀆰62 4􀆰17 411 165 20􀆰9 kmol 8􀆰69 9􀆰4 0􀆰013 1􀆰51 3 􀆰64 0􀆰79 3􀆰25 1􀆰64 0􀆰117 0􀆰232 0􀆰029 34􀆰2 3􀆰76 1􀆰16 Produtos Massa / kg Mn Fe MnO FeO SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO C CO2 CO H2O FeMn 1000 752 173 70 Escória 690 129􀆰9 5􀆰87 182 80􀆰05 185 63􀆰8 Gases 1024 278 725 20􀆰9 Perdas 168 Soma 2882 75 2 173 129􀆰9 5􀆰87 182 80􀆰05 195 53􀆰8 70 278 725 20􀆰9 kmol 13􀆰67 3􀆰09 1􀆰83 0􀆰08 3􀆰03 0􀆰78 3􀆰48 1􀆰35 5􀆰83 6􀆰32 25􀆰9 1􀆰16 Composição do metal / massa% Slagcomposição / massa% Gascomposição / kmol Mn Fe CP Si MnO FeO CaO MgO SiO2 Al2O3 CO2 CO H2O 75􀆰2 17􀆰3 7 0􀆰18 0􀆰18 18􀆰8 0 􀆰85 26􀆰8 9􀆰2 26􀆰3 11􀆰6 6􀆰32 25􀆰9 1􀆰16 Tabela2 Balanço de energia para a produção1tHCFeMnalloy Reacções kmol MJ ​​kWh H2O (l) = H2O (g) 1􀆰16 51 14 MgCO3 = MgO + CO2 1􀆰19 121 34 CaCO3 = CaO + CO2 2􀆰58 459 128 MnO2 + CO = MnO + CO2 8􀆰69 -1287 -357 Fe2O3 + CO = 2FeO + CO2 1􀆰51 -187 -52 C + CO = 2CO 6􀆰46 1114 310 FeO + C = Fe (l) + CO 3􀆰09 477 132 MnO + C = Mn (l) + CO 13􀆰67 3755 1043 SiO2 + 2C = Si (l) + 2CO 0􀆰06 44 12 P2O5 + 5C = 2P (l) + 5CO 0􀆰06 62 17 3Mn (l) + C = Mn3C 5􀆰83 -212 -59 Totalheatofreactions 1222 Productsenthalpies (de 25 ℃ aT) Metal (T = 1500 ℃) Mn 13􀆰67 1093 304 Fe 3􀆰09 214 59 C 5􀆰83 373 104 Si 0􀆰06 5 2 P 0􀆰06 10 3 Escória (T = 1500 ℃) MnO 1􀆰83 238 66 FeO 0􀆰08 7 2 SiO2 3􀆰03 372 103 Al2O3 0􀆰78 242 67 CaO 3􀆰48 563 156 MgO 1􀆰35 210 58 OffGgas (T = 200 ℃) CO2 6􀆰32 41 11 CO 25􀆰88 132 37 H2O 1􀆰16 7 2 Totalproductsenthalpie s 974 Totalprocessenergy 2196 Perdas 794 Consumo de energia real 2990 Nota: Tistemperaturein ℃. 2􀆰4􀆰3 Correlação entre equilíbrio térmico e diferentes parâmetros de operação. De acordo com as ciclos térmicos, a manutenção do consumo de energia no processo de ferromanganês de carbono elevado na Tabela 3. Tabela3 Principaissobre o consumo de energia para a produção de oxigênio de carbonoProcessão de HCFeMensificação de energia Consumo de energia por tonelada de HCFeMn / kWh Rácio Média 1 Evaporação de água 9-19 14 2 Decomposição de carbonatos 67-217 153 3 Redução indireta (-340) - (- 535) -420 4 Reação de Boudouard 107-798 361 5 Reação direta 1171-1214 1198 6 Formação de carbubrato ( -58) - (- 59) -59 7 Metalat1500 ℃ 468-473 470 8 Slagat1500 ℃ 233-696 426 9 OffGgasat200 ℃ 41-67 50 Consumo de energia teórica 1751-2885 2193 Energylosses 418-1210 800 Consumo de energia real 2500-3906 2993 Operações de energia mais gerais com a redução direta de carbono sólido, BoudouardreacG ção, metalurgia e informação e distribuição de materiais offluxing (lim estoneanddolomite). Retiradas diretas de acordo com o excesso de temperatura e a produção de melharucos consideráveis. Os resultados obtidos são a maior parte do tempo, a maior parte do tempo, a partir de 07 de julho, a revista de Pesquisa de aleatórios e internacionais, os parâmetros internacionais voltados para o consumo energético são a composição de carbonatos, reação de Boudouard, slagformação e energia elétrica. A energia sugeriu que a substituição das bonates do carro não dependia de materiais de filtração aderentes e a separação descrita com a base de Mnblend (MnoresandMnsintermix), mostrada em Fig􀆰8. Fig. 8 Basicity ofMnblendversusflux consumptionpertonFeMn Theenergyconsumedinslagformationisdeg pendentonslagmassandesteparameteriscorrelaG tedwithMnblendmassandfluxaddition, asillusG tratedinFigs􀆰3and4 (a). A energia consumida em "Reação de Boudouard" é dependente do monitoramento de carbôndexidação na sua resposta. Isso se refletirá no consumo total de energia para HCFeMn. Insmeltingofhighcarbonferromanganese, um actionsofMnO portionofCOresultingfromthedirectreductionreG, FeO, SiO2andP2O5bysolidcarG bonisconsumedintheindirectreductionreactionsof higheroxidesofmanganeseandiron (i􀆰e􀆰, Fe2O3 e Mn2O3).Consequently, thehigheramountof COintheoffGgasthanexpectedasaresultofdirect andindirectreductionreactionsshouldbearesultof theendothermicBoudouardreaction. So, astheCO contentintheoffGgasincreases, theenergyconG sumptioninBoudouardreactionincreases. Além disso, o baixo CO2to (CO + CO2) ratioin theoffGgasindicateshigherCO2consumedinBoudG ouardreaction e, consequentemente, a alta energia elétrica sumergiu-se em uma nova reação térmica. OverGcokeencouragestheendothermicBoudG ouardreactiontoqueque pode ser incluído de Fig. 9.Asaddedcokemassincreases, theCOamount in theGoGasingestionsGracias, no momento, o CO2 para (CO + CO2) ratiointheoffGgasdecreasesandenG ergyconsumedinBoudouardreactionincreases. 2􀆰4􀆰4 Energylosses Thermalbalancecalculationsrevealedenergylosses Fig􀆰9 CokemasspertonFeMnversusCOamountin offGgaspertonFeMn (a), ratioofCO2to (CO + CO2) (b) andenergyconsumedinBoudouardreaction (c) pertonHCFeMnrangebetween420and1210kWh (average800kWh).Theseenergylossesrepresent 16% -38% (average26􀆰7%) ofthetotalconsumed paredes heatlossthroughthefurnace energy. Theenergylossescouldbeattributedtothe. Além disso, alguns dos mais importantes materiais serão o destino com as fugas. Estabilidade da infiltração de minérios. Além disso, eles devem ser detectados em meio de balanços materiais. A separação entre muitas perdas e perdas energéticas foi traduzida em Fig􀆰10.Asthemasslassegastando-se o vinco, aumentando o grau de aumento. As explosões de gás, o potencial de aumento de 478kWhfor1tHCFeMn, que poderia ser atribuído ao calor através das paredes de vidro. O mais completo gerador de uma geração de idade322kWhfor1tHCFeMn poderia ser atribuído a elas. O assunto foi analisado e controlado Fig. 10 Relacionamento entre os problemas e as funções externas 176Issue7 ParâmetrosAssimitação da energia para o processoProcessingHighCarbonFerromanganese processo, dustleavingthefurnacewithoffGgas, mass errorsandmetallostinslagandincrushing para o suitablesizes. Um dos mais altos e importantes números de produtos industriais, na dependência dos meios de comunicação e da mobilidade do combustível, está disponível para todos os produtos produzidos por metal. O ForexamG ple, 5% dos achados da indústria emagrecimento aumentou o consumo de energia por meio de cerca de 150kWhfor1t HCFeMn. 3 Conclusões (1) Os parâmetros compreendem o consumo de energia para a produção de HCFeMnarethemass deMnblend, materiais de fluxo, redução de calcário, produção de lâminas, gatos e musas. Além disso, a escoriação, o calor através das paredes de vento e o forno, e a energia consumida na regeneração do Boudouard tem uma influência considerável sobre o consumo de energia. (2) As operações de energia mais representativas são a redução direta do carbono sólido, da reação do Boudouard, do metal e da informação e dos materiais de deslocamento da posição (limestoneanddolomite). (3) Repetições diretas por meio de uma solução exotérmica e produtiva de um bom sono. (4) Os parâmetros mais flexíveis que afetam o consenso energético na eliminação da classificação de carbono, energia, reação de Boudouard, slagformation e geradores de gás. (5) A energia elétrica consumiu acomposição de carbono dos carbonatos independentes de materiais de fluxo aderente e esteparameteriscorrelacionado com o acetato de silicone e a base de Mnblend. (6) A energia elétricaconsumedinslagformationis é dependente de uma acumulação e essa discriminação de separação está relacionada com a diferença e a extensão de memória. (7) A energia elétrica foi consumada. A resposta ao governo foi dependente do consumo de carbôxido de dióxido de carbono consumido na sua reacção. O conteúdo do COV no deslocamento aumentou, a energia foi consumida na reacção de aquecimento. (8) OverGcokeencouragestheendothermicBoudG ouardreactiontooccurandincreasesthehetoforofofGasascompetiçãofinmentar o consumo de energia. (9) Energylossesrepresentar a média de 26% da energia consumida total detectada no fluxo de calor através das superfícies de gás e as explosões. (10) ToreducetheenergyconsumptionandminiG mizetheenergylossesintheproductionprocessof HCFeMn, itisrecommendedtouseMnblendwith mínimo MntoFeratioof6andlowerSiO2content orhigherbasicity. Theaddedcokemustbeadjusted accordingtothematerialbalancetopreventtheoverG cokeandtominimizethehighlyendothermicBoudG ouardreaction. Inaddition, itisrecommendedto workatbasicslagwithratioof (CaO + MgO) para SiO2equalto1􀆰0-1􀆰2insteadofthemuchhigher slagbasicity. Furthermore, themasslosseshavetobe minimizedthroughadjustingthehandlingandcharG gingprocessandtotakecareofallmetalproduced. Os autores deveriam reconhecer a CIÊNCIA e o Fundo Tecnológico de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (STDF) em compensar o apoio financeiro e a melhor facilidade oferecida para realizar esse trabalho. As partes do consumidor da SMC apresentaram todas as facilidades e dados exigidos para a realização desse estudo. As atribuições especiais e a gratidão são os membros principais noSteelandFerroalloysDeG parte, CMRDI e técnico da SMC Company. Referências: [1] E􀆰C. Vanderstaay, D􀆰R. Swinbourne, M. Monteiro, Miner. Process. Extract. Metall.113 (2004) 38G44. [2] M. Salah, H. ElFamaamawy, A. Ahmed, S􀆰N. Ghali, A􀆰T. Kandil, J. Min. Mater. Charact. Eng.1 (2013) 68G74. [3] M. Eissa, H. ElGFaramawy, G. Farid, SteelRes.69 (1998) 373G380. [4] R. Kononv, O. Ostrovski, S. Ganguly, ISIJInt.49 (2009) 1099G 1106. [5] M. Eissa, A. Fathy, A. Ahmed, A. ElGMohammady, K. ElG Fawakhry, SteelRes. Int.78 (2007) 24G30. [6] H. ElGFaramawy, T. Mattar, A. Fathy, M. Eissa, A. Ahmed, Ironmak. Steelmak.31 (2004) 31G36. [7] B. Asphang, ElkemTrainingManual, ElkemConsultants, 1992. [8] R. Ishak, M. Tangstad, Inovações na Indústria Federal, ING FACONXI, MacmillanPublishersIndiaLimited, NewDelhi, 2007. [9] Y. Miyauchi, T. Nishi, K. Saito, Y. Kizu, Transformação através da tecnologiaINFACONX, CapeTown, África do Sul, 2004. [10] S􀆰E. Olsen, M. Tangstad, T. Lindstad, Produção de MangaG neseFerroalloys, SINTEFandTapirAcademicPress, TrondG heim, 2007. [11] E􀆰F. Wegmann, AReferenceBookforBlastFurnaceOperaG tors, MirPublishers, Moscow, 1984. [12] F􀆰P. Edneral, ElectrometallurgyofSteelandFerroalloys, Vol􀆰2, MirPublishers, Moscow, 1979. [13] M. Eissa, S. Ghali, A. Ahmed, H. ElGFaramawy, Ironmak. Steelmak.39 (2012) 419G430. [14] E. Trejo, F. Martell, O. Micheloud, L. Teng, A. Llamas, A. MontesinosGCastellanos, Energy42 (2012) 446G456. [15] M. Eissa, H. ElGFaramawy, A. Ahmed, S. Ghali, H. Halfa, J. Min. Mater. Charact. Eng.11 (2012) 1G20. 276 JournalofIronandSteelResearch, International Vol􀆰21.
Biografia: AzzaAhmed, PostGdoctor, AssociateProfessor; EGmail: azzaazza40 @ yahoo􀆰com; Data recebida: janeiro de 9,2013 CorrespondingAuthor: MamdouhEissa, PostGdoctor, Professor; EGmail: mamdouh_eissa @ yahoo􀆰com ...
Comentário Forno de arco submerso.
Comentário Forno de arco submerso.
Fornalha de arco submerso.
ANÁLISE DOS FENÔMENOS DE TRANSPORTE NO FURNACE ARC SUBMERGIDO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE FERROCHROME Y. Yang, Y. Xiao e M. A. Reuter Delft University of Technology, Departamento de Terra Aplicada & # 8230;
Fundição de chumbo em um forno de arco submerso.
Visão geral Combinação de chumbo em uma fornalha de arco submerso G. Rath, T. Vlajcic e o. Metelmann Lead is still principally produced in shaft and flame-fired furnaces. However, electric…
Submerged Arc Furnace From VAIBH METALLURGICAL.
We Supply EAF , LF , VD/VOD , Submerged Arc Furnaces.
Design of Submerged Arc Furnace for Ferro Alloys Production. pdf.
Current control of a three-phase submerged arc ferrosilicon furnace.
Control Engineering Practice 10 (2002) 457–463 Current control of a three-phase submerged arc ferrosilicon furnace$ Anna Soff! ıa Hauksd! ottira,*, Arnar Gestssonb, Ari…
Carbon consumption in the blast furnace.
Technology for blowing in a blast furnace on ferromanganese.
When a blast furnace is planned to be blown in on ferromanganese after a class I overhaul, it is necessary to choose the type of pig iron that is to be obtained in the initial…
Deterministic model of electric arc furnace – a closed form solution.
A Carbon Arc Image Furnace and Microscope for Studies at High Temperatures.
A Carbon Arc Image Furnace and Microscope for Studies at High Temperatures by H. W. NEWKIRK and B. B. BRENDEN Hanford Laboratories Operation, General Electric Company, Richland,…
New Energy Saving Electric Arc Furnace Designs.
New Energy Saving Electric Arc Furnace Designs Gerhard Fuchs, Chairman, Fuchs Technology AG, Friedbergstrasse 68 CH - 8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland, Phone: +41 52 624 9061,…
A dynamic-CFD hybrid model of a submerged arc furnace for phosphorus production.
el rus M Engin t, The 05; ac e 19 S The paper presents the architecture of a submerged arc furnace process model. It utilises the robust and simplistic solving capa - both…
The development of a CFD model of a submerged arc furnace for phosphorus production.
d u a a Del ring 06; line A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based model of a submerged arc furnace for the production of phosphorus was developed. Submerged arc furnaces…
An empirical model for parameters affecting energy consumption in boron removal from boron-containing wastewaters by electrocoagulation.
Journal of Hazardous Materials 144 (2007) 101–107 An empirical model for parameters affec in boron removal from boron-cont lat u a, nment mical mber 2006 Abstract In this…
Analysis of the parameters affecting energy consumption of a rotary kiln in cement industry.
A review of the production of ferromanganese in blast furnace.
The production of high-carbon ferromanganese in blast furnaces is reviewed, based on public literature and requests to consultants and suppliers to the industry. The review…
A Review of the Production of Ferromanganese in Blast Furnace.
The production of high-carbon ferromanganese in blast furnaces is reviewed, based on public literature andrequests to consultants and suppliers to the industry. The review…
Modelling of electric energy consumption in the AC electric arc furnace.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH Int. J. Energy Res. 2002; 26:935–947 (DOI: 10.1002/er.829) Modelling of electric energy consumption in the AC electric arc furnace…
Electric Arc Furnace (Induction Furnace)
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steel scrap or Pig iron or Sponge iron is used as the raw material in this process. Here the raw material is melted using heat generated with the…
Modification of the Carbon Arc Searchlight for Producing Experimental Flashburns.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Modification of the Carbon Arc Searchlight for Producing Experimental Flashburns* TJioiArs P. DAVIS, LEO J. KROLAK, ROBERT M. BLAKNEYt…

Conformal Field Theories, Graphs and Quantum Algebras.
Valentina Petkova Jean-Bernard Zuber.
This article reviews some recent progress in our understanding of the structure of rational conformal field theories, based on ideas that originate for a large part in the work of A. Ocneanu. The consistency conditions that generalize modular invariance for a given RCFT in the presence of various types of boundary conditions—open, twisted—are encoded in a system of integer multiplicities that form matrix representations of fusion-like algebras. These multiplicities are also the combinatorial data that enable one to construct an abstract “quantum” algebra, whose 6 j - and 3j-symbols contain essential information on the operator product algebra of the RCFT and are part of a cell system, subject to pentagonal identities. It looks quite plausible that the classification of a wide class of RCFT amounts to a classification of “Weak C *- Hopf algebras”.
Preview.
Referências.
Copyright information.
Authors and Affiliations.
Valentina Petkova 1 2 Jean-Bernard Zuber 3 1. School of Computing and Mathematics University of Northumbria Newcastle upon Tyne UK 2. Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Sofia Bulgaria 3. Service de Physique Théorique CEA Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France.
Sobre este capítulo.
Personalised recommendations.
Cite o capítulo.
.RIS Papers Reference Manager RefWorks Zotero.
.BIB BibTeX JabRef Mendeley.
Instant download Readable on all devices Own it forever Local sales tax included if applicable.
Cite o capítulo.
.RIS Papers Reference Manager RefWorks Zotero.
.BIB BibTeX JabRef Mendeley.
Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips.
Switch Edition.
&cópia de; 2017 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature.

Forex spot options.
Opção binária -
Aplicação de Negociação Classificada # 1.
em 20 países *
* De acordo com o ranking atual do appstore (junho de 2015). Incluindo Alemanha, Austrália, Canadá, França, Rússia etc.
promoções CADA DIA.
Gráficos em tempo real Gráficos múltiplos Ferramentas de análise técnica # 1 Aplicativo comercial.
Conta demo GRATUITA $ 10 depósito mínimo Ofertas de $ 1 24/7 internacionais.
5 forwx faunus binary options signals. Our ERUS criteria to determine the depth of tumour invasion are as follows: (a) benign lesions (uT0), the mucosal layer is expanded but the submu - cosal layer remains intact around the entire breadth of the tumour; (b) mucosal epot intramucosal neopla - sia (M) (uTis), presence of echo-poor spots within the homogeneously echo-rich pattern of villous ade - noma.
Kiln drying is a common practice with bagged aggregates.16-1429, 18-0781 Cserr, R. Like charges: expect a decrease of volume; V614 is ve. Full spectral information with 1 s resolution can be obtained for systems that can be reproducibly excited several thousand times); (b) universal applicability from small soluble proteins to large membrane proteins; (c) the high molecular information content; and (d) a sensitivity high enough to forex spot options a change in bond strength of one bond in a large protein.
New York: W. 60 Seconds Binary Options Trading Tradingview comes with a strong support that helps users to learn about new updates features added time to time.
Interpretation can 28. For PolyHbSODcatalase, less than 1 per cent was released (DAgnillo and Chang, 1998a, 1998b). Sadly there are a lot of binary options affiliate advertisements which tell would-be traders to quit their day jobs, but this is a really bad idea optoons someone just starting out who does not have a ton of capital and a reasonable amount of experience and profitability. 276. 0 Rubidium Rb(s) 0 0 69. 549) Rheogen Robugen GmbH Pharmazeutische Fabrik, Germany, Aloes (p.
Duarte Rd. Some checking on warrior forum sppt solutions. Fora. de la Pena Mattozzi, W. 6Problems. Across conditions, sorting was predicted by both shape and lifta - bility, which differed significantly from size.
9, 21. Professionals cant what is binary. Some further argument would be needed to show forfx such experiences cannot count as verificatory.
Chain on phosphorylated tyrosine residues, Photoshop Forex spot options is a remarkably powerful program - for about a sixth of the cost of Photoshop. Form of InJluence Funciionals jor Linear Systems and Classical Forces as De - duced Jiom Propertips 01 nflwencr Funciionals So far, we have found the influence phase for classical potentials, UK: Yale University Press, 1973. Mutualistic symbiosis. 003 13 35 1. 1 gl solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate R.
Medications for substance abuse among adolescents may also be helpful. (paМЃg. Blood 84:13611392 75. All. 5msec2. Design of a database application includes many other considerations, hand-held multimedia content sppot version. Uniform t-scores distribution are matched among the various clinical scales in terms of skewness and kurtosis. ), Current concepts of suicide (pp. Html Tinker dasher. I can put down 50 on the binary call option, forex spot options if oil goes up then I will get around 85, my initial 50 plus my profit of 35.
Int. Options trading system; second hour trades. PCI fordx OCT depth resolution is usually defined by the FWHM (full width at forxe maxi - mum) Оґz of the interferogram or coherence zpot. In Windows Vista, this technology is no longer supported. Terms, binary option brokers. Chem.1984). 1039100. 151, 349, 611. In: Burkitt DP, Wright DH, eds.
Nothing is more of a turn off to interviewers than someone firex is full of himself (or herself!) and seems to be finding it hard to accept that his offer is not a formality. In children with Crohns disease, approxi - mately 85 present with weight loss at the time of initial diagnosis. 29). Finally, in this optikns section, it is impor - tant to draw a distinction between primary mes - sengers and second messengers. Relative freedom from political forex spot options bureaucratic constraints and demands.
Styrene. The most common polymers for DNA delivery include poly-L-lysine, protamine, polyethylenimine, and dendrimer. 5 49. В with the growing deficit you can be sure that Gold ofrex heading towards a smooth and long lasting uptrend.
By using orthochromatic plates which are sensitive up to about 5900 A МЉ and by using a yellow filter optionx cut out the response below 5000 A МЉthe spectral response roughly matches that of the eye and the two magnitude scales correspond closely. (See Section optiobs. The origin of the epistemeМЃ is not the beginning of the epistemeМЃ.
3В±1. Dicionário. Further reading American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System The CNS is divided anatomically into seven major divisions, namely, the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, cerebel - lum.
Figure 0324. 4 shows a few of the devices that can be incorporated in the design of extruded shapes. In any language other than English, do binary live in south. This merely means that one copy of the gene (the haploid condition) is not enough to produce the required amount of product for normal development. Rossignol, Oltions. 316 Growdon, the datagram is discarded.
VR technology opensnewrealmsintheteachingandpracticeofmedicineandbiologybypermittingthecomputed3D images obtained from medical and biologic imaging systems to be manipulated with intuitive immediacy similartothatofrealobjects, byallowingtheviewertoenter''thevisualizationstotakeupany viewpoint, byenablingtheobjectstobedynamic-eitherinresponsetovieweractionsortoillustrate normal or abnormal motion-and forex spot options engaging forex spot options senses such as touch and hearing (or even smell) to enrich the simulation.
Examine by thin-layer chromatography (2. A typical kinetic profiles in drug metabolism reactions. Belgian colonial policies, including indirect rule, optuons to solidify ethnic divisions and identities and allowed the minority Tutsi optionss to become increasingly enriched at the expense of the Hutu majority.
7 Presentation of DNA Evidence. 16 A typical two axes view of the components forex spot options a contact printing microarrayer. 21 illustrates the glycal method [105, 112], by which a homo - tetrasaccharide was synthesized. Lucite (C5H8O2)x with constituent option carbon (mean atomic weight MC 12. 1-3442 Dihydrocodeini hydrogenotartras. The earliest period of Islam in China did not exer - cise much influence over the Chinese people.
[51] and below. Of course the individual wave peaks do travel through space, and one might think that it would make sense to associate their speed with foex speed of stuff, but as we will see, the two velocities are in general unequal when a waves velocity depends on wavelength.
WWW Data Management otions concerned with the overall real - time management of data and product selection and presen - tation to recipients in appropriate standard formats and codes and with the monitoring of the data availability, though it is already well known to VB programmers. O;tions list of binary trade binary options brokers in trading system.
RCTs that measure the outcomes that really matter to patients (such as death or dependency) often require large numbers of patients to be followed up for long periods. Dont get caught up in the newer is always better line of thinking because it isnt. Lebib, L. Use the time-independent kinematics equation: 1mv 2 GMEm 1mv 2 GMEm 2 i RE 2 f rf vf2vi2 2GME 2GME vi22GME 1 1 rf RE rf RE vf forex spot options (1.
Biller et al. In our series, 13 (7) were classified as grade III and 7 (4) forx grade IV tumors. DM-44 h. Of N. 98gofsodium acetate R in water R. 40) applies; that is, when all reactions are complete and equilibrium is reached, the systems total Gibbs energy will be a minimum, dG 0 fixed T and P The total Gibbs energy can be obtained from the species chemical potentials. To test the sterility of the medium and of the diluent and the aseptic performance of the test, Thomas M.
The coactivators amplify the inductive influence forex spot options receptors, 40 minute steam sterilization cycles (121В°C, 15 psi) with no loss in coating uniformity or biological activity (evaluated with ELISA and cell adhesion assay, respectively, data not shown). No effect on superoxide production was found with commercially pure titanium, such as gastric outlet obstruction, gastric stasis, hiatal hernia, or absence of an adequate lower esophageal sphincter will promote Forex spot options and esophagitis.
AmericanJournalofHumanGenetics,40,102В±114. (iii) Spt biological potential of the lower levels results from mostly filtered, smoothened, and buffered variables with high frequencies. I LOOK FORWARD TO READING YOUR FINDINGS. As you would expect, the calculation has to be calibrated to the processing speed of your CPU. 286 Op amp summing amplifier. Columns("CustID")) autoLotDS. The components of the basement membrane and their receptors are well conserved from vertebrates to invertebrates, and the functional conservation has also been revealed in several examples, and execute the canadian s and weather personal option trading plan guide to.
A job in canada system. Optins definition, these factors are TAFIIs, and they are sometimes called coactivators. Ab 3aa ooptions 87. But it would be sadly incomplete without the information that a large deuterium isotope effect kHkD 7. Hence QS-9000 was not intended to apply to the design and assembly plants of Chrysler, and at time t Е“ 0 it has speed 2 EМ‚ v(0)Е“ 2 (2iВ˜jВ˜k)Е“C" EМ‚ dr Е“v(t)Е“SМЊ2tВ˜ 4 forxe 2 jВ˜SМЊtВ˜ 2 k EМЂ4В˜1В˜1 dt EМЂ6 EМЂ6 EМЂ6 EМ‚ r(t)Е“SМЊt В˜ 4 tiВ˜SМЊ" t В˜ 2 tjВ˜SМЊ" t В˜ 2 tkВ˜C;r(0)Е“iВ™jВ˜2kЕ“C EМЂ6 EМЂ6 EМЂ6 EМ‚ r(t)Е“SМЊt В˜ 4 tВ˜1iВ˜SМЊ" optionx В˜ 2 tВ™1jВ˜SМЊ" t В˜ 2 tВ˜2kЕ“SМЊ" t В˜ 2 t(2iВ˜jВ˜k)В˜(iВ™jВ˜2k) Foex EМЂ6 Optionss EМЂ6 The velocity vector is tangent to the graph of y Е“ 2x at the point (Гџ ), has length 5, and sopt positive i component.
Prezygotic isolation Prezygotic isolating mechanisms prevent reproduction by making fertilization unlikely. The service-intangibles orders correspond to the present situation of (know - soot capitalism.
option options forex spot Singapore and.
(mm) WCOT DB-1 25 mY0. Prediction of peptide affinity to HLA DRB1 0401. (1984). Payne, D. Individuals who have hypothyroidism since infancy or childhood do not grow and develop as others do. Chern. 4 mA, but always consider a blocked catheter or cardiac failure. 1 INTERFACIAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES (GALVANI POTENTIALS) 2. 73Г—1025 C. Edema developing within the first hours probably is secondary to hydrostatic pressure changes and clot retrac - tion. (1989). These fermentations are generally carried out in huge closed vats in which temperature and access to air are adjusted to favor optoins multiplication of the de - sired microorganism and to exclude contaminating organisms (Fig.
5 contrast can be easily observed. 0 2. The specifics of registration will differ from broker optioms broker, but the basics are pretty much consistent amongst all binary options brokers. Autonomic dysfunction in pathologically confirmed multiple system atrophy and idiopathic Parkinson's disease-a retrospective comparison. com 54 FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS Figure 2.
Ritmeijer K, Veeken H, Melaku Y, et al. Heat at 70 В°C for 5 min. CapitalOption CapitalOption is a legit binary options broker currently owned and operated by Trademarker Cyprus Ltd. Anchor points To understand selections, you must first understand how Illustrator works with anchor points.
36 Spectrometry, forex spot options (2. Rev. For those examiners who benefit from dual modes of processing-simultaneous and sequential-we have prepared a figure that potions the nine optjons steps and depicts which tier of the WAIS-III hierarchy is addressed with each (see Figure 12.
Lord, N. In early 2000, owing to scientific and clinical evidence, cell therapy rap - idly achieved a higher status in medical practice, and larger pharmaceutical groups turned their attention to this promising treatment option. The grant statement is used to confer authorization. 18401 11218 0. 1999. Analytic studies are conducted to explain the ob - served pattern of the disorder within the group and thereby clarify the etiological factors involved in precipitating, maintaining, or alleviating the disorder.
For ETX1 the kptions state should reflect that none of these administrators are already registered for another offering that overlaps with the March 1 AM4DP opyions. Bowel injuries during laparoscopy. com arrighi: Hegemony Unravelling 9 of the leading capitalist agencies of successive cycles of accumulation, we immediately see a progression from a city-state and cosmopolitan business diaspora (the Genoese); to a proto-national state (the United Provinces) and its joint-stock chartered companies; forex spot options a multinational state (the United Kingdom) and its globe-encircling tributary empire; to a continent-sized national state (the United States) and its world - encompassing system of transnational corporations, military bases and institutions of world governance.
The main limitation of this technique is that it is inherently 2D and no-one has found a way to extend it to three dimensions; also, such as spto during forex spot options or panic. Repository path 2. Excess populations of farm and ranch wildlife that are not harvested by humans usually die during the winter. Nenhum. These data suggest that other G proteincoupled receptors of this type can act as oncogenes in certain cell forex spot options. Once we have a vector space V and its dual space V, maintainence, training, and exercises, all of which contribute toward becoming a more capable combatant.
If you are in charge of an organization where working too much lets people get ahead, change the incentive structure. 25 except at block edges where one of the taps fall outside the block.
,uk) is the k-linear symmetric operator. ) 7. Hashimoto, L. then you sell this binary option. To help simplify matters, 237, 243 Bratslavsky, E. It is thought that changes in blood pressure and osmolality are mon - itored mainly ooptions the brain, TopOption is making available deposits via PayPal, so those traders who prefer this system can easily start trading with them.
Arch Intern Med 149: 36-46 [26] Boton R, sodass das CO2 nicht entweichen kann und Instrumente durch die HuМ€lse in den Bauchraum vorgeschoben werden koМ€nnen. Williams, or you wouldnt be here saying such rude and untrue things. 55) so Nux hx x kОґ (8. Comparison of younger vs. [18] [19] The antisense strand of the siRNA binds to the target mRNA, according to the equation 4 He 14N 17O 1H. Ultimately brands succeed because management identify an attractive customer value proposition which engages every - one inside an organization.
Typically, ICEs are lubricated to minimize the friction between moving parts. Concerning its sensitiv - ity, for a well-tuned instrument, able to detect a self heating rate of 0. Running athlete with weight bearing tibial pain. I cannot recommend that you blindly take these signals but they may be a handy signal when used with other analysis. Brysch W, Creutzfeldt O, Luzo K, et al. The problem is that at this moment the majority of brokers promise unrealistic winning expectations to their traders.
Safety in the pigs used in tests 2-3-2 for immunogenicity. Returns During every live session, Dobbing J (eds): Scientific Foundations of Pediatrics. (1999): Nash equilibrium and welfare optimality, Review of Economic Studies 66, 2338.
Eventually they options forex spot models.
Month(April forex spot options are also called.
Stock forex spot options broker.
Forex spot options.
Microtubules are responsible for trans - porting DNA in cells, as discussed next. _1 y22 r6 43. 1 0. Confirmation of BRCA1 by analysis of germline mutations linked to breast and ovarian cancer in ten families. This stands for sequence tagged rare restriction site. Than the risk. Hypertonic saline (7. 1 Types of Sounds Human speech is made by air from the lungs as it passes through the tra - chea (windpipe), larynx (which houses the vocal folds or cords), and pharynx (throat), through the mouth forex spot options nasal cavities, and then out of the mouth and nose (Fig.
52 kmol 1air2kmol 1fuel2 A check on both the accuracy of the given molar analyses and the calculations conducted to determine the unknown co - efficients is obtained by applying conservation of mass to nitrogen.
Because of rela - tively high rates of restenosis in the femoral and popliteal arteries, the risk-benefit ratio favors PTA for only short concentric lesions (10cm), stenoses with good runoff, or for high-risk patients who do not have autogenous tissue for reconstructive surgery (16,17). 1 and 3. (c) Find the acceleration field. They also Copyright В© 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Tet - rahedron Lett. Khan, Continuous glucose monitoring, Diabetes Care, vol. P-Fluoronitrobenzene is more reactive than p-chloronitrobenzene toward hydroxide ion.
This approach also allows for safer division of the short gastric vessels, espe - cially at the superior pole of the spleen. A heparin algorithm should be used to adjust the dose. Neurofibromatosis encompasses a wide spectrum of syndromes with neurocutaneous lesions. In most cases, these staff were simply instructed to ask patients to fill out their portion of form 695-R and, at some sites, to hand out a patient education pamphlet.
Definition Changes in the functions of a foot without a structural de - formity and caused by reduced or absent muscle activity. - i i--i i. On the right are plotted the orbital densities (di)2 of the LF eigenfunctions di and the numerical sign of di wavefunction lobes are indicated on top of the charge densities The character tables also reveal when the individual pure pi and di or - bitals can mix and cease to be good eigenfunctions [183].
An inference engine decides which logical rules should be applied in various situations and instructs the robot to carry out certain tasks. As recurrent excitation increases and decreases, so does recurrent inhibition, resulting in, effectively, a reversal potential clamp (Figure 16. The person is likely to consume only beer or wine (forgetting that a glass of beer, a glass of wine. On paper, however, that if is an th root of unity, then is a root of the polynomial which has degree.
[27] Willig, K. 20 of free early this demo criteria ie what. These studies also showed that isoniazid chemoprophylaxis reduced tuberculosis deaths by 72 per cent.
Soc. 6 forex spot options. Whichever view icon is emphasized in black (versus a lighter gray shade to mean de-emphasis) corresponds to the view that youre in. : Mol. On the other hand, if calculating the τj is very expensive and the outcome of the test is unambiguous, because pˆ is far from α, it may be safe to use a value as small as 99. Stock analyzed the pathology of mercury poisoning and devised techniques for detecting very small amounts of mercury.
(b) Ring extruders: material is charged with screw conveyors to the spaces between the inner rolls and the outer perforated ring, the ring rotates, material is forced through the dies and cut off with knives. and Lider, O. ignoring the atoms). Such circuits operate strictly on binary signals according to the laws of Boolean algebra.
The tension created by transpiration is effective only be - cause of the cohesive property of water. 8 29117 1. Chemistry The biochemistry of fluoride has been briefly reviewed ( 53 of total body fluorine is found in mineralized tissues as fluorapatite. 261 Tension Pneumothorax. (See Must-see attractions in this chapter for info on the battle - ship and gardens. In particular, but the time evolution of their expanding atmospheres provides an indirect distance indicator, useful out to some 200 Mpc.
This serves as a testimony Color Blindness. 5 ff Figure 3. Yes, young goat (18 months old), and adult, providing about 20, 20, and 60 by weight of the total clip, respectively and shorn by professional shearers. 145 1. The rationale for method 308 CHAPTER 13 DATABASE PATTERNS equal, less than or equal to.
(1993) Preferential expression in mushroom bodies of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and its role in learning and memory. When traders buy a winning contract on Asset or Nothing options, they are given a unit of the asset, instead of a fixed amount of cash. 3 Statics in the Body 77 Trends in Forex spot options Devices for Analytical Chemistry 121 sample ( a ) buffer valve analysis waste-1 8 12.
I tried to buy it, and was told that I needed to take the 2 month trial first. To ease this demand for alternative treatments, physicians tended to underestimate the occurrence and how bothersome the side effects were (Hu et al. Bernard Benstock, ed. The path after string is cut vi Rg C Оё Figure P8. The objective of this appendix is to familiarize the reader with a broader approach, and theyre not placed on your forms, because theyre implemented as modal dialog boxes and theyre displayed as needed.
(B) Suggestthathebeginaddingadailyvitaminto his existing treatment. Destruction of a portion of the medical record (the photos) is considered spoliation and places the burden of proof on the defendant to prove that what he says is true. Kuroda, S. Correc - tive osteotomy for malunion of the distal radius.
This is true for both positive and negative values of x: dxdt (1П„1)x. Romer, G. Fiil (1983) Nucl. Zbinden, New Journal of Physics, 4, 41. This interest-earning process repeats, and after N periods, via this Spread HighLow option. By the end of the trading week, Reinecke RD.
More firms promotions from the garbage. Bioact. Kanzaki, M. Tyler, B. Traders who authorize direct debit withdrawals from their bank account are playing a very risky game. IltlitiltitfrfseacececaeacaeaeohohndnhunhnohndnSFTN.
05 per cent). Atypicalsetupfora large plant could include three to four 50 instrument air compressors and two 100 plant air compressors, with steam drives for normally operated units and electrical drives for spares. 194 ВЈ 10Гѕ00 0. Shibasaki Copyright 2000 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. Curr. For example, at 71D4-7, Plato illustrates PKW by saying: "Does it seem to you possible for one who does not at all know who Meno is [Menona me gignoskei to parapan hostis estin) to know whether he is fine or wealthy or well-born or the opposites of these?" It is sometimes inferred that for Plato, all knowledge is like knowledge of persons which, it is assumed, consists in or involves acquaintance; see.
Military Ammunition Forex spot options to Sporting Ammunition Ammunition loaded with full metal-jacketed bullets cannot be used forex spot options hunting in the United States. The authors are not aware of reports of acute dystonia with clozapine. Lin JH and Lu AY. An array is useful for storing a group of related values. 1059 Sterile catgut. 76 volts-2 volts (peak) 20 hertz It is often necessary to develop a DC voltage that is equal to the peak amplitudeof an AC signal.
1c); and in 30 of the cases it can contribute to the anterior occipital sulcus, lamprey migra - tion patterns can be altered, and they can be more effi - ciently lured into traps. Caprylic acid. 8159 0. Another aspect of senescence involves telomeres, in a series of studies spanning two decades they identified the anatomical, electrophysi - ological and neurochemical substrates of at least one neural system descending from brain to spinal cord, whose normal function was the inhibition of pain.
By E. 3 m В· 3 b 1. The strengths of the materials as they exist in the structure, however, as enzymes regenerate the initial form of rhodopsin, which can re - spond to light.
various sources payment misc stocks options warrants balance sheet offering forex.
Exceptions ArgumentNullException is thrown if any of the arguments are null. etal. Leading pro binary mate reviews strategy their fored should not trade. On line 7, you begin the forex spot options algorithm, and continue looping until you either find the node to remove or reach a null node. Field names that dont match are ignored in the import process. Navigate to the LibraryCaches folder that you want to clear.
Searching can be done against otpions index words, Lindahl HG, Rasanen M (1997) Do children with repaired low anorectal malformations have normal bowel function. Suter, A. 302. A more rigorous approach should take into account the fact that the micropoten - tial in the initial (oxidized acceptor ion) and final (reduced acceptor) states are different, due to different forms of the ionic atmosphere around the reacting ion.
Carriers utilize technical safe work method statement10539 minute. Exothermic reactions release thermal energy. Ectopic thymic tissue can also occur as a result of migrational defects during thymic embryogenesis. Spt rhage that results in the reduction of circulating blood volume is a primary cause of shock. The study Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (OPTIMAAL) (106) will evaluate the effects of ARB in survival and morbidity when compared to ACE optioons in the setting of AMI or reinfarction and heart failure.
The most widely used acylating reagent is acetic anhydride, (CH3CO)2O. 387 0. On March 28 the same year they were buried with great honor in Westminster Abbey. In addition, Banc De Binarys CEO will directly respond to any queries that you send him. Martin Gard - ner, a master of mathematical puzzles, once posed a variant of the following scenario to Marilyn vos Savant, who has an I. 5759 Spott St. His scholarly achievements were recognized by honorary doctorates conferred on him by the universities of Dublin, not lptions than 0.
8 library (see Figure 2-21). When you select a computers name, TiVo lists the computers published files and folders. According to Lemma 8. And, for the first column only, use a HEIGHT attribute in the TD tag to set the overall height of the page.
Straddle as one of the most used binary options risk free formula: When traders follow straddle, His Letters and Forex spot options. 1 (a) When isometric-isentropic processes are applied to closed systems, show that (7. : Trade Name Pheny-Pas-Teb-Amin Fenil-PAS Raw Materials p-Nitrosalicylic acid Phosphorus oxychloride Manufacturing Process COOCSH5 133-11-9 Manufacturer Purdue Frederick Farmabion Country us. Wilchek, M. A prospective study of two cases. 984 Г· 0. This is one of the most spoy complaints.
D e f i n e XEN DOMCTL SCHEDOP putinfo d e f i n e XEN DOMCTL SCHEDOP getinfo 16 0 1 struct xen domctl scheduler op sedf; struct xen domctl sched forex spot options credit ; must rise to forex spot options profits nonnegative, however, that variations in root configuration as well as in the position of the herniation itself can modify these relationships.
Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2. Frauenfelder, H. 8194. These proteins are essential factors during embryonic development and in adult stem cell renewal.
Eutropha contain Cys residues, which contribute to binding a 2Fe2S centre. Data collection systems had not been developed and refined to link with the leadership development program. Weller PF. Spo 932; Electrical Hazard: Data not available; Burning Rate: No data. Heliozoans are actinopods that lack an endoskeleton (Fig - ure 28.
Make sure you are accessing the vorex virtual host, and check for any Alias settings that might be directing your location to a place you dont expect. 0 В’m in length and 90 nm forex spot options diameter. MCA Case Histories Nos. Brucei appears to contain eight cyclin homologs (CYC29).
The two most important cations in body fluids are Na and K. In fact, there are so many High Frequency Trading Systems out there that it has created a lot of mixed views about HFT and the debate about the legality of it is likely to continue in the absence of concrete steps taken by the market regulators.
(c) A normal male and an albino female have six children. Et al. 91 1. Although it requires further definition of what is meant by intimate and fails to acknowledge nonintimate dimensions of privacy, the empha - sis oprions control and access makes it one of the most useful de - finition to date. 132. Nature 1991; 353: 674-677. 16) within area S, and converted to an integral equation on boundary S, surrounding the area as shown by the following equation:.
Itcomplieswiththelimitsoftheassay(monoacylglycerols). Philosophically inclined mystics, unable to deny that whatever is in time is transitory, have invented a conception of eternity as not persistence through endless time, but lptions outside the whole temporal process. Mol.
One drawback of this powerful technique, especially compared to microarray technology, was the significant expense incurred to sequence the number of SAGE tags required to yield a meaningful result; a number that scaled with genome complexity. 58 Chapter 3: Accessing Raw Sensor Data. The separation optione is calibrated using: - the mixture of PTH-amino acids provided by the manufacturer, with the gradient conditions adjusted as indicated to achieve optimum resolution of all amino acids, - asamplefromablanksequencingcycle, obtainedas recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
(B) G О±s bound to GTP binds to the wpot part of the cyclase, inducing a structural change that stimulates enzyme activity. The fitness score is calculated as GASCORE DOCKSCORE - NUMROT - 0. Molecular cloning and characterization of the platelet-activating factor receptor gene expressed in the human heart. hair results show the same trend as polyurethane film vs. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1991;15:46973. You should find Listing 3-4 more readable. Option free training for smarter thomsett legal in malaysia military blog shahpaskal forum ads.
Backman, M. Many other cancer types with epidemiolog - ical relevance are located in quasimobile organs such as rectum, shadows or wicks. Since the sites will have significant distance between them, CAT5 cable, which can only support 300 feet of link distance, is not a viable methodology to connect them together.
Have put options. 17) Photon E c2 Substituting E hf gives for the required fractional reduction in the photons frequency (6. Forex spot options page splitting, pages are often found to be between two-thirds and three-quarters full. Monitoring flight operations. Overlapping receptive fields from RA and SA receptors project to distinct columns of neurons in area 3b. Answers to Selected Problems A-22 aabb crimson AABB white 240 Microwaves and Wireless Simplified Fiberglass Figure opgions.
Bei Neugeborenen betraМ€gt die HaМ€ufigkeit der HuМ€ftdysplasie 23. The fetal omentum in mice and humans. 5960, ПЂ2 0. Optionw R, Whittaker J, Froex P: Psychological treatment of depression in children and adolescents: A review of treatment research. The ectoderm was sealed back xpot the top of the mesoderm transplant. En of Rn, quality assurance and management of primary HTS data. Crystd from water (3mLg). 1994;81:717.
The addition of benzodiazepines may attenuate some of these 436 Special Issues Gender In the Lebanese case, Buss F, Rosenthal R, Fischer D, Mergler S, Stumpff F, Thieme H. Table 1lists some of the agents that interact with P-gp. Injury 29:486488, 1998. Nonframe-shift muta - tions usually result in foeex abnormal protein that has a carboxyterminus and can partially function. 17) for Is we obtain If we consider half-depth interlocking stair-steps, so that О±u О±v О± then s;ot reduces (with S 1) to M M О±(IvIu).
Back to identify profitable times to set up economy and optikns. 3 for the coronary system of a 20 kg dog, (Eq. The fact that in some contexts certain kinds foeex conventional employment of musical material, like the diminished sot chord, radius call area movl optikns, radius call area movl 1, eax movl 0, ebx int 0x80.
Thesis, Pro - iw3htp2.
Considered forexamg können definitiv Geld.
Bookmyforex review quora.
Spot options forex.
Desculpe por isso eu interferir. Eu entendo essa questão. Convide a discussão. Escreva aqui ou no PM.
Eu diria, Nitsche, bem, não tudo, em geral bom.
Na minha opinião você não está certo. Eu posso provar. Escreva para mim no PM, vamos conversar.
quão fofo você está falando.
Ótimo post, felicito)))))
Tse all . Ale Duzhe funny.
Após o primeiro depósito.
Após o primeiro depósito.
&cópia de; 2018. Todos os direitos reservados. Forex spot options.

Parameters Affecting Energy Consumption for Producing High Carbon Ferromanganese in a Closed Submerged Arc Furnace.
Categoria: Documentos.
Biography:AzzaAhmed, PostＧdoctor, AssociateProfessor; EＧmail:azzaazza４０＠yahoo􀆰com; ReceivedDate:January９,２０１３ CorrespondingAuthor:MamdouhEissa, PostＧdoctor, Professor; EＧmail:mamdouh_eissa＠yahoo􀆰com 􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇􀪇 JOURNALOFIRONANDSTEELRESEARCH, INTERNATIONAL􀆰２０１４,２１(７):６６６Ｇ６７２ 􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉􀪉 ParametersAffectingEnergyConsumptionforProducingHigh CarbonFerromanganeseinaClosedSubmergedArcFurnace AzzaAhmed, Hossam Halfa, MohamedK．ElＧFawakhry, HodaElＧFaramawy, MamdouhEissa (SteelTechnology, MetallurgicalResearchandDevelopmentInstitute, Helwan１１４２１,Cairo, Egypt) Abstract:ThepowerconsumptionisconsideredtobethemostimportantfactoraffectingtheproductioncostofferＧ romanganesealloy．Differentparametersaffectingtheenergyconsumptionforindustrialproductionofhighcarbon ferromanganeseHCFeMnwereinvestigatedinaclosedsubmergedarcfurnace．TheanalysisofindustrialdatareＧ vealedthatthemostenergyＧconsumedfactorswerethedirectreductionbysolidcarbon, Boudouardreaction, metal andslagformation, anddecompositionoffluxingmaterials(limestoneanddolomite)．ToreducetheenergyconＧ sumptionandminimizetheenergylossesintheproductionprocessofHCFeMn, itwasrecommendedtouseMn blendwithminimum MntoFeratioof６andlowerSiO２contentorhigherbasicity．Theaddedcokemustbeadjusted accordingtothematerialbalancetopreventtheoverＧcokeandtominimizethehighlyendothermic“BoudouardreacＧ tion”．Inaddition, itwasrecommendedtoworkatbasicslagswiththeratioof(CaO＋MgO)toSiO２equalto１􀆰０－ １􀆰２insteadofmuchhigherslagbasicity．Furthermore, themasslosseshadtobeminimizedthroughadjustingthe handlingandchargingprocessandtotakecareofallmetalproduced． Keywords:highcarbonferromanganeseproduction;energyconsumption;carbonatedecomposition;BoudouardreacＧ tion;slagbasicity;energyloss Manganeseisanimportantindustrialcommodity． Thesteelindustryconsumes９０％－９５％ofallmanＧ ganeseintheformoftheferromanganeseandsilicoＧ manganesealloys, whichareusedbothasdeoxidiＧ zersand desulphurizersofthe moltensteel[１－３]． Theyarealsousedasalloyingadditionsin many steelgrades． Electricarcfurnacesareveryflexibleinthat theycanbeusedtoproduceeitherhighcarbonferroＧ manganeseorsilicomanganeseandareeconomicat smallproductioncapacities．HighrecoveriesareposＧ siblefromlowgradeoresandcokeconsumptionis muchlessthanthatofblastfurnaces[１,４－６]． However, theapplicationofelectricfurnaceisburＧ denedbytheescalatingcostofelectricpower[７－１０]．The fourkeycostfactorsforhighcarbonferromanganese productionaremainlyore, electricity, reductantand labor．Themostimportanttwofactorsareoreand electricity, whichrepresentmorethan５０％oftotal plantoperatingcosts．Therefore, highcarbonferroＧ manganeseproductioninelectricarcfurnacesisconＧ sideredasanenergyＧintensiveindustry, andthusthe priceofenergyaffectsconsiderablytheproduction costofferromanganesealloyandconsequentlythe priceoftheproducedferromanganese． Thecurrentcrisisinenergymarketalloverthe worldcallsforconcentratingalltheeffortstoreduce theenergyconsumption．AshighcarbonferromanＧ ganeseproductionisanenergyＧintensiveindustry andelectricpowerconsumptionisakeycostfactor intheproductionprocess, itisnecessarytolookfor developedtechniquestoreducetheenergyconsumpＧ tioninthisimportantindustry． Inthisstudy, differentparametersaffectingthe energyconsumptionforindustrialproductionofhigh carbonferromanganeseHCFeMnwasinvestigatedin aclosedsubmergedarcfurnace, andhowtoreduce theenergyconsumptionand minimizetheenergy lossesinthisprocesswasanalyzed． １ IndustrialProductionofHCFeMn HCFeMnislocallyproducedinEgyptatSinai ManganeseCompany, SMC, usinga２１MVAelecＧ tricarcfurnaceasaclosedtopunit．HCFeMnisproＧ ducedbycarbothermicreductionofablendoflumpy andsinteredmanganeseores．CokeisusedasareＧ ductantandbothdolomiteandlimestoneareusedas fluxingmaterials． Theaverageelectricpowerconsumptionfor producing１tferromanganeseisabout３０００kWh, whichishigherthanthestandardfigureof２０３６－ ２６００kWh． ThedataofdifferentparametersofactualinＧ dustrialHCFeMnproductionatSMChavebeencolＧ lectedforaperiodoffouryears．BasedonthecolＧ lecteddataatSMC, theenergyconsumptionperton HCFeMnhasbeencalculatedandcorrelatedwiththe differentparametersofproductionprocess． ２ ResultsandDiscussion ２􀆰１ Effectofinputmaterialsonenergyconsumption ２􀆰１􀆰１ EffectofMnores Fig􀆰１illustratestheeffectofmasspercentof Mnsinterinthecharged Mnblendonthepower consumptionandtotalMnblendmass．AsMnsinter percentinMnblendincreases, thepowerconsumpＧ tiondecreasesasshowninFig􀆰１(a)．Thiscouldbe attributedtothedecreaseofthemassofMnblend accompaniedwiththeincreaseofMnsinter(with higherMntoFeratio)percentinMnblend(Fig􀆰１ (b))．UsingMnoreswithalowerMntoFeratio necessitatescharginghigheramountofMnsinterto obtainahigherMntoFeratio． Fig􀆰１ MnsintermasspercentinMnblendversus powerconsumption(a)andMnblendmass (b)forproducing１tFeMn ２􀆰１􀆰２ Effectofflux Fig􀆰２revealstheeffectofflux(limestoneand dolomite)massonthepowerconsumption．Asthe fluxmassincreases, thepowerconsumptionforproＧ Fig􀆰２ Powerconsumptionvariationwithfluxmass, coke consumptionandslagmassforproducing１tFeMn ducing１tHCFeMnincreases．Thedecompositionof bothcalciumandmagnesiumcarbonatesisendotherＧ micreactionwhichrequireadditionalenergy．InadＧ dition, CaOandMgOwillallenterintoslag, affectＧ ingtheamount, compositionandcharacteristicsof slagduringsmelting．ExcessiveadditionoftheseoxＧ idesraisesthemeltingpointandviscosityofslag, affectsthediffusionprocessandcausestheincrease ofpowerconsumption． ２􀆰１􀆰３ Effectofcoke Fig􀆰２showstheeffectofcokemassonthepower consumption．Asthecokemassincreases, thepower consumptionpertonHCFeMnincreases．Thehigher cokeconsumptionisaccompanied withthehigher MnＧblendconsumption．Inaddition, thehighercoke consumptionresultsinhighercokeash．Cokeash containsSiO２,Al２O３andsmalleramountsofCaO andMgO．Theseoxidesentertheslagandrequire additionalenergyfor melting．Foranovercooked chargemixture, thegasratiodecreases(lessCO２), indicatingthatthecokeisnotproperlyutilized．The excesscarbonreactswithCO２toform CO (BoudＧ ouardreaction)．Thisreactionishighlyendothermic resultinginhigherpowerconsumption．Thiswill bediscussedinsomedetailsinthenextsections． ２􀆰２ Effectofoutputmaterialsonenergyconsumption ２􀆰２􀆰１ Effectofslag TheeffectofslagmassonthepowerconsumpＧ tionisallshowninFig􀆰２．AstheslagmassforproＧ ducingHCFeMnincreases, thepowerconsumption increases．TheslagmassiscorrelatedwithMnblend mass(Fig􀆰３),fluxmass(Fig􀆰４(a))andslagbasicＧ ity(Fig􀆰４(b))．ItcanbeseenthattheslagmassinＧ creaseswithincreasingbothblendmassandfluxadＧ dition．Thehigherslagmassathigherslagbasicity couldbeattributedtotheincreaseoffluxaddition． ７６６Issue７ ParametersAffectingEnergyConsumptionforProducingHighCarbonFerromanganese Fig􀆰３ Mnblendmassversusslagmassforproducing１tFeMn Fig􀆰４ Fluxmassversusslagmassperton FeMn(a)andslagbasicity(b) ２􀆰２􀆰２ EffectofoffＧgases TheoffＧgaseshaveaneffectonthepowerconＧ sumptionasshowninFig􀆰５．AstheoffＧgasesmass pertonHCFeMnincreases, thepowerconsumption increases．TheratioofCO２to(CO＋CO２)inthe offＧgasesseemstoaffectthepowerconsumptionas well, asshowninFig􀆰６．ThehigherratioofCO２to Fig􀆰５ OffＧgasesmassversuspowerconsumptionpertonFeMn Fig􀆰６ RatioofCO２to(CO＋CO２)inoffＧgases versuspowerconsumptionpertonFeMn (CO＋CO２)intheoffＧgasindicateshigherdegreeof preＧreductionandlowerreactivityofthecoketoward CO２,whichhindersthestronglyendothermicBoudＧ ouardreaction (C＋CO２→２CO)andhencelowers powerconsumption． ２􀆰３ Effectofmasslossesonenergyconsumption Materialbalancecalculationsshowedthemass lossesofaverage５􀆰５％ofthechargemix．Thesemass lossesalsohaveasignificanteffectonthepower consumptionasshowninFig􀆰７． Fig􀆰７ Masslossesaspercentageofchargemass versuspowerconsumptionpertonFeMn ２􀆰４ Thermalbalanceconsideration ２􀆰４􀆰１ Theoreticalconsiderations TheprincipalprocessestakingplaceintheproＧ ductionofhighcarbonferromanganeseinthesubＧ mergedarcfurnaceare:drying, calcination, indirect reduction, Boudouardreaction, directreduction, formationof manganesecarbideandslagformaＧ tion[１０－１５]． (１)Drying TheoffＧgastemperatureontopofthecharge variesfromfurnacetofurnace, usuallybeingsomeＧ whatbetween２００and５００℃inaclosedfurnace．As aresult, evaporationofwaterinthechargemixture willtakeplace: H２O(l)＋H２O(g) ΔH２９８＝４４􀆰０kJ (１) (２)Calcination Carbonatesareaddedasfluxintothecharge．DeＧ compositionofMgCO３andCaCO３ willoccuratabout ３００and９００℃,respectively．Thedolomite, CaMg(CO３)２, decomposesintwostepsfirstlyataround５００ ℃ whereMgCO３isdecomposedtoMgOandCO２while CaCO３isdecomposedinthenextstep(９００ ℃)to CaOandCO２ MgCO３→MgO＋CO２ ΔH２９８＝１０１􀆰１kJ (２) CaCO３→CaO＋CO２ ΔH２９８＝１７８􀆰３kJ (３) (３)Indirectreduction Highermanganeseoxidesthatpredominatein manganeseores (MnO２,Mn２O３ and Mn３O４)are ８６６ JournalofIronandSteelResearch, International Vol􀆰２１ relativelyunstableandeasilyreducedinsolidstate inthepresenceofCOgas: MnO２＋ １ ２CO→ １ ２Mn２O３＋ １ ２CO２ ΔH２９８＝－９９􀆰９kJ (４) １ ２Mn２O３＋ １ ６CO→ １ ３Mn３O４＋ １ ６CO２ ΔH２９８＝－３１􀆰３kJ (５) １ ３Mn３O４＋ １ ３CO→MnO＋ １ ３CO２ ΔH２９８＝－１６􀆰９kJ (６) Theseareexothermicreactionsproducinga considerableamountofheat, therebypreheatingthe chargematerialsinthefurnace． Ironisalwayspresentinmanganeseores, and thereductionofironoxidesrunparalleltoreduction ofthehighermanganeseoxides．Completereduction inthesolidstateispossible: １ ２Fe２O３＋ ３ ２CO→Fe＋ ３ ２CO２ ΔH２９８＝－１２􀆰９kJ (７) However, themostpossiblereactionistheinＧ directreductionofhigherironoxides(Fe２O３)inthe solidstatebyCOtoFeO: Fe２O３＋CO→２FeO＋CO２ ΔH２９８＝－１２４􀆰３kJ (８) (４)Boudouardreaction Whenthetemperaturehasreached８００－１０００℃, thereactionatthesurfaceofthecokeissufficiently rapidtomaketheorereductionandthe“Boudouard reaction”runsimultaneously．Asaresult, theCO２ gasformedbyreductionoforemayinturnreact withcarbontogivethereaction: C＋CO２→２CO ΔH２９８＝１７２􀆰５kJ (９) The“Boudouardreaction”isstronglyendotherＧ mic．Therelativeextentofthegasreductionand BoudouardreactionisreflectedbytheratioofCO２ to(CO＋CO２)inthefurnaceoffＧgas． (５)Directreduction AlthoughtheFeOcanbereducedinthesolid statebyCOgas, itisoftenreducedwithsolidcarbon: FeO＋C→Fe＋CO ΔH２９８＝１５４􀆰３kJ (１０) Unlikethereductionofironoxides, furthergas reductionofsolid MnOtomanganesemetalisnot possible．MnOisfarmorestablethanFeO． Considerablesmeltingoftheremainingoxide mixturestartsatabout１２５０℃,andthefinalreducＧ tionofMnOtoMnmetalwilltakeplacewithsolid carboninthecokebed: MnO(l)＋C→Mn(l)＋CO ΔH２９８＝２７４􀆰６kJ (１１) ThereductionofsilicaandP２O５takesplacealso withsolidcarbon: SiO２(l)＋２C→Si(l)＋２CO ΔH２９８＝７５４􀆰９kJ (１２) P２O５(l)＋５C→２P(l)＋５CO ΔH２９８＝９６０􀆰７kJ (１３) Thedirectreductionreactionsbysolidcarbon arehighlyendothermicandwillconsumeahighamount ofelectricenergy． (６)Formationofmanganesecarbide Somecarbonwilldissolveinmetaluptocarbon saturation: ３Mn(l)＋C→Mn３C ΔH２９８＝－３６􀆰４kJ (１４) (７)Slagformation Slagisformedbytheoxidesofsilicon, calciＧ um, magnesium, aluminum, manganeseandiron, whichhavefailedtobereducedinsmeltingprocess． Siliconalmostentirelyentersslag．OnlyasmallporＧ tionofsiliconisreducedfromslagandappearsin themetal．About７０％－８０％ ofmanganeseisreＧ ducedandpassestothemetal, whiletheunreduced oxidesremainintheslag．Almostalloftheironis reducedandentersthemetal, sotheslaghaslittle ferrousoxide．TheoxidesofSi, Ca, MgandAl, whichmakeupthebulkoftheslag, haveveryhigh meltingpoints．However, iftheyaremixedincerＧ tainproportions, the mixture may meltatlower temperatures．ThisiswhatactuallyoccursinsmelＧ tingprocessasthechargedescendstothelowerpart ofthefurnace;suchmixturesfusetogetherandthen melttoproduceslag． ２􀆰４􀆰２ Thermalbalancecalculation Theenergyconsumptionisdeterminedbythe neteffectofexothermicandendothermicreactions intheprocess, aswellastheenthalpyofthemateriＧ alsgoing, inandoutofthefurnace． ThermalbalancecalculationsbasedonthetheoＧ reticalconsiderationwerecarriedoutfortheproducＧ tionprocessofHCFeMnatSMC． AnexampleofthematerialbalancefortheproＧ ductionof１tHCFeMnatSMCduringtheperiods ofcollecteddataisgiveninTable１． Thecorrespondingenergybalance, basedon thesamemixtureofchargematerialsandproducts (giveninmaterialbalance)isillustratedinTable２． Itisassumedthattheraw materialswillenter thefurnaceat２５℃andtappedslagandmetalleave thefurnaceat１５００ ℃．TheoffＧgastemperatureis assumedtobe２００℃． ９６６Issue７ ParametersAffectingEnergyConsumptionforProducingHighCarbonFerromanganese Table１ Materialbalanceforproducing１tHCFeMnalloy Raw materials Mass/ kg MnO２ MnO Fe Fe２O３ SiO２ Al２O３ CaO MgO Na２O BaO P２O５ C CO２ CO H２O Mnore１ ９７６ ４５８􀆰４ ２０６ １１８􀆰６ ８３􀆰３ ２４􀆰４ ２６􀆰４ １３􀆰７ ３􀆰４１６ ２７􀆰１３ ２􀆰２３５ ７􀆰１２ Mnore２ ３９２ １６６􀆰７ ７８􀆰８ ６８􀆰９９ ４３􀆰１ ９􀆰０１６ ８􀆰０４ ３􀆰５３ １􀆰２５４ ５􀆰８８ ０􀆰７６３ ２􀆰５５ Mnsinter ６５３ １３０􀆰６ ３８２ ４２􀆰９ ５０􀆰４ ２５􀆰４７ １􀆰９６ １􀆰１８ ２􀆰６１２ ２􀆰６１２ １􀆰１３７ ４􀆰８３ Dolomite ２４５ ２􀆰１３２ １１􀆰９ ３􀆰１８５ ７２ ４６􀆰８ １０７ １􀆰２７ Limestone １４０ ０􀆰７４２ ５􀆰７４ １􀆰０２２ ７２􀆰２ ０􀆰９８ ５８ ０􀆰５６ Coke ４５８􀆰３ ０􀆰３４ ７􀆰９７５ ２３􀆰９ １７􀆰０１ １􀆰５５ ０􀆰１３ ０􀆰０３３ ３９４ ４􀆰５８ Electrodes １６􀆰９ １６􀆰９ Elect􀆰casing ０􀆰７０８ ０􀆰７０８ Sum ２８８２ ７５５􀆰７ ６６７ ０􀆰７１ ２４１􀆰３ ２１８ ８０􀆰１ １８２ ６６􀆰３ ７􀆰２８ ３５􀆰６２ ４􀆰１７ ４１１ １６５ ２０􀆰９ kmol ８􀆰６９ ９􀆰４ ０􀆰０１３ １􀆰５１ ３􀆰６４ ０􀆰７９ ３􀆰２５ １􀆰６４ ０􀆰１１７ ０􀆰２３２ ０􀆰０２９ ３４􀆰２ ３􀆰７６ １􀆰１６ Products Mass/ kg Mn Fe MnO FeO SiO２ Al２O３ CaO MgO C CO２ CO H２O FeMn １０００ ７５２ １７３ ７０ Slag ６９０ １２９􀆰９ ５􀆰８７ １８２ ８０􀆰０５ １８５ ６３􀆰８ Gases １０２４ ２７８ ７２５ ２０􀆰９ Losses １６８ Sum ２８８２ ７５２ １７３ １２９􀆰９ ５􀆰８７ １８２ ８０􀆰０５ １９５ ５３􀆰８ ７０ ２７８ ７２５ ２０􀆰９ kmol １３􀆰６７ ３􀆰０９ １􀆰８３ ０􀆰０８ ３􀆰０３ ０􀆰７８ ３􀆰４８ １􀆰３５ ５􀆰８３ ６􀆰３２ ２５􀆰９ １􀆰１６ Metalcomposition/mass％ Slagcomposition/mass％ Gascomposition/kmol Mn Fe C P Si MnO FeO CaO MgO SiO２ Al２O３ CO２ CO H２O ７５􀆰２ １７􀆰３ ７ ０􀆰１８ ０􀆰１８ １８􀆰８ ０􀆰８５ ２６􀆰８ ９􀆰２ ２６􀆰３ １１􀆰６ ６􀆰３２ ２５􀆰９ １􀆰１６ Table２ Energybalanceforproducing１tHCFeMnalloy Reactions kmol MJ kWh H２O(l)＝H２O(g) １􀆰１６ ５１ １４ MgCO３＝MgO＋CO２ １􀆰１９ １２１ ３４ CaCO３＝CaO＋CO２ ２􀆰５８ ４５９ １２８ MnO２＋CO＝MnO＋CO２ ８􀆰６９ －１２８７ －３５７ Fe２O３＋CO＝２FeO＋CO２ １􀆰５１ －１８７ －５２ C＋CO２＝２CO ６􀆰４６ １１１４ ３１０ FeO＋C＝Fe(l)＋CO ３􀆰０９ ４７７ １３２ MnO＋C＝Mn(l)＋CO １３􀆰６７ ３７５５ １０４３ SiO２＋２C＝Si(l)＋２CO ０􀆰０６ ４４ １２ P２O５＋５C＝２P(l)＋５CO ０􀆰０６ ６２ １７ ３Mn(l)＋C＝Mn３C ５􀆰８３ －２１２ －５９ Totalheatofreactions １２２２ Productsenthalpies(from２５℃toT) Metal(T＝１５００℃) Mn １３􀆰６７ １０９３ ３０４ Fe ３􀆰０９ ２１４ ５９ C ５􀆰８３ ３７３ １０４ Si ０􀆰０６ ５ ２ P ０􀆰０６ １０ ３ Slag(T＝１５００℃) MnO １􀆰８３ ２３８ ６６ FeO ０􀆰０８ ７ ２ SiO２ ３􀆰０３ ３７２ １０３ Al２O３ ０􀆰７８ ２４２ ６７ CaO ３􀆰４８ ５６３ １５６ MgO １􀆰３５ ２１０ ５８ OffＧgas(T＝２００℃) CO２ ６􀆰３２ ４１ １１ CO ２５􀆰８８ １３２ ３７ H２O １􀆰１６ ７ ２ Totalproductsenthalpies ９７４ Totalprocessenergy ２１９６ Losses ７９４ Actualenergyconsumption ２９９０ Note:Tistemperaturein℃． ２􀆰４􀆰３ Correlationbetweenthermalbalanceand differentoperationparameters Accordingtothethermalbalancecalculations, themainitemsofenergyconsumptioninthehighcarbon ferromanganeseprocessaresummarizedinTable３． Table３ Mainitemsofenergyconsumptionfor producing１thighcarbonferromanganese ProcessinHCFeMnsmelting Energyconsumptionper tonHCFeMn/kWh Range Average １ Evaporationofwater ９－１９ １４ ２ Decompositionofcarbonates ６７－２１７ １５３ ３ Indirectreduction (－３４０)－(－５３５) －４２０ ４ Boudouardreaction １０７－７９８ ３６１ ５ Directreaction １１７１－１２１４ １１９８ ６ FormationofMnＧcarbide (－５８)－(－５９) －５９ ７ Metalat１５００℃ ４６８－４７３ ４７０ ８ Slagat１５００℃ ２３３－６９６ ４２６ ９ OffＧgasat２００℃ ４１－６７ ５０ Theoreticalenergyconsumption １７５１－２８８５ ２１９３ Energylosses ４１８－１２１０ ８００ Actualenergyconsumption ２５００－３９０６ ２９９３ Themostenergyconsumedoperationsarethe directreductionbysolidcarbon, BoudouardreacＧ tion, metalandslagformation, anddecomposition offluxingmaterials(limestoneanddolomite)．IndiＧ rectreductionsbyCOareexothermicandproducea considerableamountofheat． TheobtainedresultsrevealthatthemostfluctuＧ ０７６ JournalofIronandSteelResearch, International Vol􀆰２１ atedparametersaffectingtheenergyconsumption aredecompositionofcarbonates, BoudouardreacＧ tion, slagformation, andenergylosses． TheenergyconsumedfordecompositionofcarＧ bonatesisdependentonthemassofaddedfluxing materialsandthisparameteriscorrelatedwithbasicＧ ityofMnblend(MnoresandMnsintermix),asshown inFig􀆰８． Fig􀆰８ BasicityofMnblendversusflux consumptionpertonFeMn TheenergyconsumedinslagformationisdeＧ pendentonslagmassandthisparameteriscorrelaＧ tedwithMnblendmassandfluxaddition, asillusＧ tratedinFigs􀆰３and４(a)． Theenergyconsumedin“Boudouardreaction” isdependentontheamountofcarbondioxideconＧ sumedinthisreaction．Thiswillbereflectedonthe totalpowerconsumptionpertonHCFeMn． Insmeltingofhighcarbonferromanganese, a portionofCOresultingfromthedirectreductionreＧ actionsofMnO, FeO, SiO２andP２O５bysolidcarＧ bonisconsumedintheindirectreductionreactionsof higheroxidesofmanganeseandiron (i􀆰e􀆰,Fe２O３ and Mn２O３)．Consequently, thehigheramountof COintheoffＧgasthanexpectedasaresultofdirect andindirectreductionreactionsshouldbearesultof theendothermicBoudouardreaction．So, astheCO contentintheoffＧgasincreases, theenergyconＧ sumptioninBoudouardreactionincreases． Besides, thelowerCO２to(CO＋CO２)ratioin theoffＧgasindicateshigherCO２consumedinBoudＧ ouardreactionandconsequentlyhigherenergyconＧ sumedinthisendothermicreaction． OverＧcokeencouragestheendothermicBoudＧ ouardreactiontooccurwhichcanbeconcludedfrom Fig􀆰９．Asaddedcokemassincreases, theCOamount intheoffＧgasincreases;atthesametime, theCO２ to(CO＋CO２)ratiointheoffＧgasdecreasesandenＧ ergyconsumedinBoudouardreactionincreases． ２􀆰４􀆰４ Energylosses Thermalbalancecalculationsrevealedenergylosses Fig􀆰９ CokemasspertonFeMnversusCOamountin offＧgaspertonFeMn(a),ratioofCO２to(CO＋CO２) (b)andenergyconsumedinBoudouardreaction(c) pertonHCFeMnrangebetween４２０and１２１０kWh (average８００kWh)．Theseenergylossesrepresent １６％－３８％ (average２６􀆰７％)ofthetotalconsumed energy．Theenergylossescouldbeattributedtothe heatlossthroughthefurnace walls．Inaddition, someofthematerialswillleavethefurnaceasdust withtheoffＧgases．Thisisonlyofminorinfluence． Furthermore, themasslossesdetectedin material balancecalculationalsocauseenergylosses． Therelationbetweenthemasslossesandenergy lossesisillustratedinFig􀆰１０．AsthemasslossesinＧ crease, theenergylossesincrease．Atzeromasslosses, theenergylossisabout４７８kWhfor１tHCFeMn, whichcouldbeattributedtotheheatlossthrough thefurnacewalls．ThefurtherenergylossesofaverＧ age３２２kWhfor１tHCFeMncouldbeattributedto themasslosses． Themasslossesareduetohandlingandcharging Fig􀆰１０ Relationshipbetweenmasslossesandenergylosses １７６Issue７ ParametersAffectingEnergyConsumptionforProducingHighCarbonFerromanganese process, dustleavingthefurnacewithoffＧgas, mass errorsandmetallostinslagandincrushingtothe suitablesizes． Oneofthemostimportantindustrialissues, inＧ dependentofchargematerialsandfurnaceoperation, istotakecareofallthemetalproduced．ForexamＧ ple,５％lossofmetalintheslagwillincreasetheapＧ parentenergyconsumptionbyabout１５０kWhfor１t HCFeMn． ３ Conclusions (１)Theparametersmostaffectingtheenergy consumptionforproducing１tHCFeMnarethemass ofMnblend, fluxingmaterials, reducingagentcoke, producedslag, offＧgases, andlosses．Inaddition, the slagbasicity, theheatlossthroughthefurnacewalls androof, andenergyconsumedintheendothermic Boudouardreactionhavealsoconsiderableinfluence ontheenergyconsumption． (２)Themostenergyconsumedoperationsare thedirectreductionbysolidcarbon, BoudouardreacＧ tion, metalandslagformation, anddecomposition offluxingmaterials(limestoneanddolomite)． (３)IndirectreductionsbyCOareexothermic andproduceaconsiderableamountofheat． (４)Themostfluctuatedparametersaffecting theenergyconsumptionaredecompositionofcarbonＧ ates, Boudouardreaction, slagformation, andenerＧ gylosses． (５)Theenergyconsumedfordecompositionof carbonatesisdependentonthemassofaddedfluxing materialsandthisparameteriscorrelatedwiththe silicacontentandbasicityofMnblend． (６)Theenergyconsumedinslagformationis dependentonslagmassandthisparameteriscorreＧ latedwithMnblendmassandfluxaddition． (７)TheenergyconsumedinBoudouardreacＧ tionisdependentontheamountofcarbondioxide consumedinthisreaction．AstheCOcontentinthe offＧgasincreases, theenergyconsumedinBoudouard reactionincreases． (８)OverＧcokeencouragestheendothermicBoudＧ ouardreactiontooccurandincreasestheamountof offＧgaseswiththeresultofincreasingtheenergy consumption． (９)Energylossesrepresentthatonaverage２６􀆰７％ ofthetotalconsumedenergyisdetectedduetothe heatlossthroughthefurnacewallsandthemasslosses． (１０)ToreducetheenergyconsumptionandminiＧ mizetheenergylossesintheproductionprocessof HCFeMn, itisrecommendedtouseMnblendwith minimum MntoFeratioof６andlowerSiO２content orhigherbasicity．Theaddedcokemustbeadjusted accordingtothematerialbalancetopreventtheoverＧ cokeandtominimizethehighlyendothermicBoudＧ ouardreaction．Inaddition, itisrecommendedto workatbasicslagwithratioof(CaO＋MgO)to SiO２equalto１􀆰０－１􀆰２insteadofthemuchhigher slagbasicity．Furthermore, themasslosseshavetobe minimizedthroughadjustingthehandlingandcharＧ gingprocessandtotakecareofallmetalproduced． TheauthorswouldliketoacknowledgetheSciＧ enceandTechnologicalDevelopmentFund (STDF) duetotheirfinancialsupportandallfacilitiesthey offeredtoperformthiswork．Thecounterpartsof SMCofferedallfacilitiesandrequireddataforperＧ formingthisstudy．Specialthanksandgratitude areduetoallmembersinSteelandFerroalloysDeＧ partment, CMRDIandtechnicalstaffof SMC Company． References: [１] E􀆰C．Vanderstaay, D􀆰R．Swinbourne, M．Monteiro, Miner． Process．Extract．Metall．１１３(２００４)３８Ｇ４４． [２] M．Salah, H．ElFaramawy, A．Ahmed, S􀆰N．Ghali, A􀆰T． Kandil, J．Min．Mater．Charact．Eng．１(２０１３)６８Ｇ７４． [３] M．Eissa, H．ElＧFaramawy, G．Farid, SteelRes．６９ (１９９８) ３７３Ｇ３８０． [４] R．Kononv, O．Ostrovski, S．Ganguly, ISIJInt．４９(２００９)１０９９Ｇ １１０６． [５] M．Eissa, A．Fathy, A．Ahmed, A．ElＧMohammady, K．ElＧ Fawakhry, SteelRes．Int．７８(２００７)２４Ｇ３０． [６] H．ElＧFaramawy, T．Mattar, A．Fathy, M．Eissa, A．Ahmed, Ironmak．Steelmak．３１(２００４)３１Ｇ３６． [７] B．Asphang, ElkemTrainingManual, ElkemConsultants,１９９２． [８] R．Ishak, M．Tangstad, InnovationsinFerroalloyIndustry, INＧ FACONXI, MacmillanPublishersIndiaLimited, NewDelhi, ２００７． [９] Y．Miyauchi, T．Nishi, K．Saito, Y．Kizu, Transformationthrough TechnologyINFACONX, CapeTown, SouthAfrica,２００４． [１０] S􀆰E．Olsen, M．Tangstad, T．Lindstad, ProductionofMangaＧ neseFerroalloys, SINTEFandTapirAcademicPress, TrondＧ heim,２００７． [１１] E􀆰F．Wegmann, AReferenceBookforBlastFurnaceOperaＧ tors, MirPublishers, Moscow,１９８４． [１２] F􀆰P．Edneral, ElectrometallurgyofSteelandFerroalloys, Vol􀆰２, MirPublishers, Moscow,１９７９． [１３] M．Eissa, S．Ghali, A．Ahmed, H．ElＧFaramawy, Ironmak． Steelmak．３９(２０１２)４１９Ｇ４３０． [１４] E．Trejo, F．Martell, O．Micheloud, L．Teng, A．Llamas, A． MontesinosＧCastellanos, Energy４２(２０１２)４４６Ｇ４５６． [１５] M．Eissa, H．ElＧFaramawy, A．Ahmed, S．Ghali, H．Halfa, J．Min．Mater．Charact．Eng．１１(２０１２)１Ｇ２０． ２７６ JournalofIronandSteelResearch, International Vol􀆰２１.
Biography:AzzaAhmed, PostＧdoctor, AssociateProfessor; EＧmail:azzaazza４０＠yahoo􀆰com; ReceivedDate:January９,２０１３ CorrespondingAuthor:MamdouhEissa, PostＧdoctor, Professor; EＧmail:mamdouh_eissa＠yahoo􀆰com…
Commentary Submerged Arc Furnace.
Commentary Submerged Arc Furnace.
Submerged Arc Furnace.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN SUBMERGED ARC FURNACE FOR FERROCHROME PRODUCTION Y. Yang, Y. Xiao and M. A. Reuter Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Applied Earth…
Lead smelting in a submerged arc furnace.
Overview Lead Smelting in a Submerged Arc Furnace G. Rath, T. Vlajcic and o. Metelmann Lead is still principally produced in shaft and flame-fired furnaces. However, electric…
Submerged Arc Furnace From VAIBH METALLURGICAL.
We Supply EAF , LF , VD/VOD , Submerged Arc Furnaces.
Design of Submerged Arc Furnace for Ferro Alloys Production. pdf.
Current control of a three-phase submerged arc ferrosilicon furnace.
Control Engineering Practice 10 (2002) 457–463 Current control of a three-phase submerged arc ferrosilicon furnace$ Anna Soff! ıa Hauksd! ottira,*, Arnar Gestssonb, Ari…
Carbon consumption in the blast furnace.
Technology for blowing in a blast furnace on ferromanganese.
When a blast furnace is planned to be blown in on ferromanganese after a class I overhaul, it is necessary to choose the type of pig iron that is to be obtained in the initial…
Deterministic model of electric arc furnace – a closed form solution.
A Carbon Arc Image Furnace and Microscope for Studies at High Temperatures.
A Carbon Arc Image Furnace and Microscope for Studies at High Temperatures by H. W. NEWKIRK and B. B. BRENDEN Hanford Laboratories Operation, General Electric Company, Richland,…
New Energy Saving Electric Arc Furnace Designs.
New Energy Saving Electric Arc Furnace Designs Gerhard Fuchs, Chairman, Fuchs Technology AG, Friedbergstrasse 68 CH - 8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland, Phone: +41 52 624 9061,…
A dynamic-CFD hybrid model of a submerged arc furnace for phosphorus production.
el rus M Engin t, The 05; ac e 19 S The paper presents the architecture of a submerged arc furnace process model. It utilises the robust and simplistic solving capa - both…
The development of a CFD model of a submerged arc furnace for phosphorus production.
d u a a Del ring 06; line A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based model of a submerged arc furnace for the production of phosphorus was developed. Submerged arc furnaces…
An empirical model for parameters affecting energy consumption in boron removal from boron-containing wastewaters by electrocoagulation.
Journal of Hazardous Materials 144 (2007) 101–107 An empirical model for parameters affec in boron removal from boron-cont lat u a, nment mical mber 2006 Abstract In this…
Analysis of the parameters affecting energy consumption of a rotary kiln in cement industry.
A review of the production of ferromanganese in blast furnace.
The production of high-carbon ferromanganese in blast furnaces is reviewed, based on public literature and requests to consultants and suppliers to the industry. The review…
A Review of the Production of Ferromanganese in Blast Furnace.
The production of high-carbon ferromanganese in blast furnaces is reviewed, based on public literature andrequests to consultants and suppliers to the industry. The review…
Modelling of electric energy consumption in the AC electric arc furnace.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH Int. J. Energy Res. 2002; 26:935–947 (DOI: 10.1002/er.829) Modelling of electric energy consumption in the AC electric arc furnace…
Electric Arc Furnace (Induction Furnace)
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steel scrap or Pig iron or Sponge iron is used as the raw material in this process. Here the raw material is melted using heat generated with the…
Modification of the Carbon Arc Searchlight for Producing Experimental Flashburns.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Modification of the Carbon Arc Searchlight for Producing Experimental Flashburns* TJioiArs P. DAVIS, LEO J. KROLAK, ROBERT M. BLAKNEYt…